An Enlightening Experience

How often do we appreciate our parents for the advice they gave us? Hardly ever! How often do we turn a deaf ear to their advice? Very often! I believe that is a unanimous answer given by most of us and very often, we will get ourselves into serious trouble or land ourselves in a situation where we greatly regret our act of not having listened to the advice of the wise. I can vividly recall such an unforgettable experience that I had when I was a young child of 12 years old and since that experience, I will never go against the wishes of my mother. When I was a child, I had lived in Georgetown with my mother. Our house was right next to the woods which had always stirred up great curiosity in me in wanting to find out what dwelt within. My father had deceased by the time I was 12 and I had lived alone with my mother. I supposed it was because I was the only child; she had loved me greatly and was very protective over me. She did not like the idea of me wandering off on my own and always ensured that I was in the safety region of her sight. Even if she allowed me to explore the vicinity on my own, it was only to be somewhere within the circumference of the house. Being as curious as the cat, I had always desired to explore the interior of the woods next door. It was as if my mother had understood my desire, she had warned me on numerous occasions never to enter the woods. â€Å"Mum, can I go out and play in the garden? † I asked. â€Å"Donnie,† she would reply each time. â€Å"You can play in the garden but you must promise me never to go into the woods next door where the loggers are cutting and clearing the land. It is too dangerous for a little girl like you. † â€Å"Sure, you’ve said that many times! † I answered in amazement at her repeated reminders. â€Å"You know I’ve always stayed away from there! However, curiosity got the better of me one day. I was playing near the woods as usual when I heard laughter and people talking loudly. I listened intently and discovered that it was coming from within the woods. I wondered who that could be. Ignoring my mother’s constant reminders, I decide d to enter the forbidden world. For once, I had disobeyed my mother but I was filled with great excitement. Very cautiously, I crept towards the sound. I came to an area where there were around six brawny men having their tea break under a tall tree and next to them were many felled trees. Not far from them, there were also many colourful flowers with beautiful butterflies flittering around them. At that moment, I still had no inclination of the trouble that would soon befall on me. I was filled with awe at the beauty of the miniature garden before me. I skipped over to the flowers and started chasing after the butterflies. I was filled with elation and started to become braver as I frolicked gaily in the woods. The men did not bother about me as they thought I was not in their way and they continued with their tea and conversation. The beautiful and gigantic butterfly that I was chasing after started to fly over to the felled trees. Not wanting to lose sight of it, I decided to follow suit. I had even climbed up and walked along a downed log in an attempt to catch the butterfly when suddenly I lost my footing and fell off the log. I screamed in agony when I landed because I was not on the hard forest floor as I had expected to. Instead, I had fallen on an axe that was facing up. Apparently, the loggers had left their axes on the floor when they went for their break. When they saw me playing earlier, they had not expected me to go so near to the downed logs. My cries of pain and fear had undoubtedly attracted their attention and concern as they rushed over to my side. By then, blood was flowing profusely from my left leg where a three inch cut had appeared. The pain was unbearable and I almost fainted from the sight of the fresh blood. However, what was more horrifying was the thought of how I should tell my mother about the incident! I had disobeyed her and landed myself in harm’s way. I should have listened to her sound advice and stayed far away from the woods. I was afraid to face my mother but I know the blood had to be stopped and the wound need to be treated. As I thought of the situation I had landed myself into, I started to howl loud which terrified the men who thought I must have been in tremendous pain and shock. The men tried to sooth my loud crying and to stop the blood flow at the same time. Instantly, there was panic among them as each of them tried to help but in vain. Finally, one of them tied my handkerchief around the wound and the blood was temporarily stopped but it was obvious that I needed some stitching for my deep cut. He carried me out of the woods and took me back to my house. Along the way, I was sobbing quietly, petrified with the thought of facing my mother and what she would say to my mischief. Fortunately for me, my mother was too concern with my injury to reprimand me. After thanking the logger for his help, my mother rushed me to the nearest hospital where I received eight stitches on my left leg. I also received a punishment of not being allowed out of the house for an entire month but I know I had deserved it. I could not believe that an innocent walk in the woods could have landed me in such a plight where I could even have been killed by the axe had it pierced right through my heart! The mere thought of the close shave still sends shudders down my spine. The scar on my left leg is not only a permanent reminder of the incident but also a deterrence for me from any further desire to turn a deaf ear to my mother’s advice. Needless to say, she never had to remind me again of the need to stay away from the woods for I never step foot into it ever again. Nor does she ever have to repeat her advice for me as I know that Mum will always know what is best for me because she is the more experience one.

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas BY Lolo-H poem â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, And you, my father, there on that sad height, Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet who died tragically young but left a powerful legacy of work. This poem, written to Thomas's dying father, has a strict structure, but an unconventional message. Thoma s encourages his father to rebel and struggle against death, what he calls the â€Å"dying of the light. † Although written for his father, Dylan Thomas himself ironically died the year after his father.Poetry-poem 12. 1 2010: This lesson plan is the property of the Mensa Education ; Research Foundation, www. mensafoundation. org. It is provided as a complimentary service to the public. Reproduction and distribution without modification are allowed. Images, links and linked content referenced herein are the property of the originating entities. Taking it apart Thomas sees lite as a day – death is the closing ot that day, and the dying of the light is the sunset and coming night. Notice the pairing of lines 1 ; 3. Gentle matches rage; good with dying; and night with light.This is a mythological allusion to the gods who could throw lightning bolts and have the skies tremble at the sound of their voice. In this stanza, Thomas says that even though men accept that they are mortal and should die (â€Å"Death is right†), he still encourages a rebellion against it. Stanza 2 talks about how wise men approach death. This stanza is about how â€Å"good† men do. They see the things they did in life reflect like light off of a bay. Rather than being useless, it is the old, near dead, â€Å"grave† men who can really see. â€Å"Gay' here means â€Å"happy' or â€Å"carefree. â€Å"Notice the oxymorons here: â€Å"blinding sight† and â€Å"blind eyes. † There is also a simile comparing eyes that â€Å"blaze like meteors. † Curse, bless, me now witn your tierce tears, I pray. From the general men discussed in the previous stanzas, Thomas narrows to his father in this stanza, pleading with him to fight against death, pleading with him to still be â€Å"fierce. † The lines that have been separated throughout the poem come together in the last couplet to reinforce the theme of the poem. Poetry-poem 12. 2 Memorizi ng it The form of this poem is called a villanelle. It has only two end rhyme sounds.The irst and third lines of the stanzas rhyme, and the second line rhymes with all other second lines. A villanelle ends with a rhyming couplet, and has nineteen lines – divided into five tercets and one quatrain at the end. The strict villanelle structure and rhyme scheme make this poem particularly easy to memorize, particularly since the last line of the tercets are repetitive: you get five lines memorized for the price of two! You actually get more than that because the line â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night† appears in the poem four times. Using a highlighter or colored pencil, underline the lines that are repeated.

Macbeth vs. Lady Macbeth

In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the tragic hero or the great and virtuous character, Macbeth is destined for downfall as he brings suffering and defeat upon himself. However, this statement can be widely debatable, as many would assume that Lady Macbeth also plays an immense role in the murder of Duncan, the beginning of the tragedy. Early in the play, Macbeth encounters three witches or supernatural beings that foretell his future as the new King of Scotland. Intrigued by their prophecies, Macbeth places faith in their words.Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, is instrumental in his ambition, manipulating him, as they both scheme for greatness. Driven by the will to become King, Macbeth commits the murder of the current King Duncan and continuously murders those that suspect him. He is led to his own destruction as Macduff, a Scottish noble, later kills him. Moreover, although both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth can be considered guilty for the downfall of Macbeth or the tragedy of the play, Macbeth is more to blame as a result of his ruthlessness, his ambitious desires, and his naive character, which allow him to betray his own conscience.Macbeth’s ambitious character and his insatiable lust for power drives him to change his nature towards evil commencing his tragic downfall. Upon hearing the prophecies of the witches, Macbeth immediately ponders about the predictions and creates an idea to murder the King. Macbeth states that the image of Duncan, the current King’s death â€Å"doth unfix my hair† (I. ii. 148) meaning that this image was too horrid to even imagine. Early in the play, the witches only predicted that he would become King but it was Macbeth’s ambitious character that takes it to the next step as he now thrives on the will to become King.Although the King’s death was never mentioned in the prophecies, Macbeth plants the idea in his head that the only way for him to become King, as the predictions stated was to kill Duncan, which creates and displays his lust for power. Macbeth also mentions, â€Å"let not light see my black and deep desires† (I. iv. 58). This is another example in which he now admits this dark character inside him, demonstrating that his valiant, brave character displayed in the beginning of the play is slowly fading away or deteriorating as his ambitious character takes over.Furthermore, by virtue of his honest character, Macbeth admits to himself of his â€Å"vaulting ambition† as he states, â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which o’er leaps itself. † (I. vii. 25-27) These lines portray that Macbeth has no other reason to kill Duncan except for his strong desires of wanting to become King. Macbeth’s character as ambitious appears again as even to the eyes of his wife, is seen clearly as lustful for power. Lady Macbeth states â€Å"art not without ambition† proclaiming of his am bitious character.Macbeth’s ambitions is the root cause of his tragic downfall as his lust for power drives him to murder which is the misdeed that places his life at risk and begins his fall from glory. Macbeth as a man with solid morals and a well-established conscience allows himself to be manipulated by other significant characters of the play such as the witches and Lady Macbeth. The witches make two significant appearances in the play, each in which they use equivocation to confuse and manipulate or spark the characters in the play to lead a life of evil.Their first appearance was in front of Banquo and Macbeth in which they praise him as they predict his future as the next King. They know that by calling him â€Å"King hereafter† (i. iii. 53) that it will create desires in his heart and they use these quick phrases or these words placed in paradox to manipulate Macbeth to do something that would earn him that title. Macbeth who has a conscience of his own, allow s himself to create unwanted desires in his heart knowing well that patience is an attribute that only the noble obtain.Macbeth, by the end of his first soliloquy, makes the final decision to not murder the King because in his point of view, â€Å"Duncan both born his faculties so meek† (i. vii. 16-17) and it would be injustice to kill a righteous person but later on changes his mind as he allows his conscience to be moved again by his wife, Lady Macbeth who questions his manhood to achieve the power that they would get if they kill Duncan. She states â€Å"If you durst do it, then you were a man† (i. vii. 56-57) as she tries to convince her husband to go along with Duncan’s murder.Foolishly, Macbeth allows her to change his mind when he could have easily refused proving that he had a mind of his own. The witches near the end of the play manipulate Macbeth once more, but this time it was Macbeth who sought their help therefore getting himself into more trouble. A wise person would make the right decision not to ask the troublesome witches for help, but in Macbeth’s case, he deals with this situation differently as he is again easily manipulated into developing hubris, which leads to his downfall and his tragic ending.Therefore, although Macbeth had a conscience of his own and had the right to make his own decisions, he allowed himself to be manipulated by others, which eventually leads to his own death. Macbeth makes further errors in judgment following his misdeed of killing Duncan as he commits other major crimes, which all precipitate his downfall. For example, the murder of his friend, Banquo. Acting completely on his fear that Banquo’s sons will become King and himself remaining unrecognized, Macbeth decides to kill both Banquo and his son, Fleance.Macbeth knew that he was under suspicion for Duncan’s murder therefore concludes with these two reasons to kill an innocent man and his son. This is proven through Macb eth’s statement made in Act 3. Scene 2. Lines 41-42. Macbeth establishes his fear as he says that he is â€Å"full of scorpions in his mind†. Therefore, this murder was another factor or crime that leads him directly to his downfall. Another crime that Macbeth commits that is unforgivable was when he murdered a mother and a child.To take advantage of the situation, Macbeth kills Macduff’s family, which was a tragic scene as Macduff’s son dies creating pathos in the audience’s heart and depicts Macbeth’s character as mad or insane. These murders portray his downfall as extreme for all the serious sins Macbeth has committed. Macbeth’s desire for power, his ignorance towards his own conscience, and the further crimes he commits portray him as more to blame over Lady Macbeth for his own downfall and death.Throughout the whole play, although Lady Macbeth may seem as the masculine character and the brain behind the murder of Duncan, she pla ys a minor part in Macbeth’s own desires and the further crimes he independently commits that end in his downfall. Lady Macbeth is a significant character but is not more to blame for every tragic hero brings his fate upon himself. Therefore to conclude, Macbeth is more to blame for his own defeat and suffering.

Energy Transfer in electrical circuits Research Paper

Energy Transfer in electrical circuits - Research Paper Example Home appliances and industries transform energy into other forms to a desired form. Electric circuits are utilized for these operations. Energy is not in the form of matter that can be saved. â€Å"Energy can neither be created nor it can be destroyed, it can be changed from one form to another form† (Moan & Smith, 2007). The phrase â€Å"source of energy† or â€Å"sources of energy† is a wrong phrase as energy is impossible to create. We can only alter it from one form to another form. Battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy. Battery does not generate energy. A power plant converts chemical energy of fuel to electrical energy. Fossil fuels had converted solar energy to chemical energy (Moan & Smith, 2007). An ideal energy conversion system is that that has no losses. One form or energy is converted to the other desired form without any losses. The efficacy of such a system is 100%. It means that the ratio of inputs and outputs equal 1. Practically it is impossible to have an ideal system. A practical energy conversion system does have some losses and thus the desired output is always less than the input. In power generation, internal combustion engine are only 40% efficient. 60% of the input energy is wasted as heat energy that is undesired. If a combined cyclic plant is utilized to convert energy, 80% efficiency can be achieved, as a carefully designed heat recovery system recovers most of the thermal energy that goes to waste. In the similar manner, an electric motor does not convert all the input energy to mechanical energy, some of the energy is dissipated as heat and bearing losses. An electric bulb wastes about 95% of energy, which is dissipated in the form of heat and converts only 5% of the energy to light energy (Bbc.co.uk, 2014). There is much difference in energy and power. Energy yields power. Electrical energy is the product of electrical power and time. If electrical energy is denoted

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 61

Case Study Example For example if the business requirement is stated as â€Å"the light must turn on if button B is pressed and if button F is pressed.† This statement can be interpreted differently by different people because of the ambiguous use of the word â€Å"and† and this may lead to distortion in the respective system. A large number of business requirements fail in two prime dimensions; lack of true process orientation and lack of neuroscience required in defining the business requirement effectively. The perception of the business requirement makers that they know everything also leads to bad business requirements. Further, poor communication, constantly changing requirements in projects, less customer involvement, time and money constraints are some of the identifiable reasons resulting in bad business requirements. The use of â€Å"always† in a system means â€Å"most of the time† however; sometimes, it can also create ambiguity. The above mentioned statement can be interpreted in the following ways; the system should support employee birthdays every year because birthdays come and are celebrated every year. What if an employee gets dead then still the system will always support his/her birthday despite employee’s demise? Further, if an employee gets retired or not celebrates his/her birthday every year, so should the system support his/her birthday? All these varying interpretations can be perceived from the above mentioned ambiguous business requirement leading to system

Gay rights policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay rights policy - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to explore whether such marriages are actually relevant and how far they fit into American federalism. It also explores the way various states view same-sex marriages and the consequences of their laws and enactments. LGBT Rights There is little or nil proof regarding the misconduct of homosexual people. Most of the homosexual couples are ardently religious, are taxpaying citizens and do not indulge in unnecessary violence. Long term studies have proven the children bought up by them are completely capable of living a heterosexual life. Sexual orientation is an object of pure personal taste and choice, rather than a misdemeanour. Hence, it is entirely unacceptable for someone else like the government to intervene in such activities as it is no national, moral or religious threat. History of the Important Homosexuality Acts The total number of households with same-sex partners in the US is estimated to be 2.9 million according the 2000 census. But, it is e stimated the number of gay and lesbian people who do not live as couple or have disclosed themselves might reach up to 29 million, ten times the recorded rate. Homosexuality is viewed differently by each state government based on the dominant religious faith followed in the region. Virginia was the first state to declare same gender sex as a criminal act way back in 1610. The case was similar in many European countries too (Cory, 1951). Such views changed drastically by mid-1900's with the voice of the discriminated like the immigrants and the slaves being heard and honoured by the society. Illinois was the first place to decriminalize homosexuality in 1961. Massachusetts became the first state to elect a gay state legislator in 1967. Massachusetts recognized legalized same-sex marriages in 2003 (Morris, 2013). Such acts gathered both public support as well as agitation. President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996 which gave the states the authority to l icense or cancel the same sex marriages based on their internal beliefs. DOMA was ruled out on June 26, 2013 by the US Supreme Court. The State Statutes and DOMA The US federalism grants majority rights to states to make up their own laws and retains certain important rights with the federal government. DOMA was signed using this feature, granting the states the autonomy to decide whether they can legalize the same-sex marriages or not. Nearly 10 states recognized the same-sex marriages starting from 2001 one after another and granted equal right to the married homosexual couples. But, most of them did little to ensure the disclosed homosexuals are treated equally or protected against discrimination in terms of employment or receiving benefits. Though removal of DOMA have now legalized such marriage and the same-sex couples are naturally entitled to all the parental benefits the normal citizens can receive including the rights to adopt a child. Previously the rules regarding child a daption varied according to each state. Nearly 20 states in the US consider sexual orientation discrimination as an outlaw. Washington D.C. Evasive Role of the State Governments Hate crimes are also punishable in all states under the federal law according to the Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009. Though it applicable to several Hate crimes from bullying in school to disability

Clinical Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Clinical Leadership - Assignment Example In my role as a team leader in the corporate health board I came across many learning situations and instances that greatly helped me in identifying my strengths in dealing with people and situations, and realizing my personal weaknesses that made me hesitant to make a proactive approach at work. During my tenure in the corporate health board as a team leader, I had exposure to managerial concepts and leadership qualities that are required to perform a task more effectively. As a team leader, I have to be in touch with all aspects of the teamwork in addition to coordinating with my supervisors, allocating responsibilities to my team members, motivating the team, monitoring their work and resolving issues. Each of these activities is different from the other and requires different levels of consideration and attention. My role as team leader provided me with plenty of opportunities to manage team issues, plan and coordinate activities with the rest of the team members and develop lead ership qualities. The application of clinical leadership in the practical environment has numerous benefits and the need for developing leadership qualities among clinicians is increasingly being felt in the current scenario. The adoption and effective development of leadership skills in clinical health care environment contributes to efficient patient care and improving staff motivation. Clinical supervision or leadership provides a â€Å"framework for self-regulation and developing informed deliberative practice, emphasizing not only self-monitoring through reflection on action but also the reflection in action†.

Reflect on your learning experiences during the semester Essay - 1

Reflect on your learning experiences during the semester - Essay Example That is why on my first week I am very excited in immersing myself in a university learning setup. However even from the start I had trouble balancing work and university life. My busy schedule in my work had given me very limited time in my studies. From the start I have doubts on whether I can fully absorb what the instructor is teaching. Also, knowing my tendency to jump into any activity without clearly thinking on the possible loopholes and disadvantages in embarking on this undertaking has intensified my fear that I might have wrongfully chosen the course that I enrolled in. I also felt that I might fail to observe and reflect on the inputs that I should have received. Kolb and Fry’s Experiential Learning theory provides a clear strategy on how to fully immerse myself into the lessons that I really want to learn. It is a learning cycle that starts from one’s concrete immersion to the knowledge and skills that I want to learn. After one’s immersion, a person should observe and reflect on the stimuli that he received. This time, his analytical mind should work to pick up the loopholes and the flaws in learning the skills. The holistic mind accumulates these loopholes and mistakes. It will then use these in laying down fresh guidelines in performing things. Practical testing of one’s newly ratified procedures in carrying out things is the last part of the cycle. This will continue to a lifetime upward cycle of personal renewal and development until a person actualizes his fullest potential. I realized in the second week in this course that there are several theories on how an individual learn individually and in an organizational setup. From sensory stimulation, reinforcement theories to experiential and adult learning, numerous learning theories, I have learned in a brief amount of time the explanations done by psychologists that lay down why and

Week two questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week two questions - Assignment Example In the process of considering what to put into market, besides having business growth in mind it is also very important to establish the suitability of the product to the customer. In that line, the organization might be forced to constantly seek the opportunity to introduce new products and new procedures to invade new markets and also to create new organizational forms. Establishing good ideas from bad ideas is one major factor in establishing a market niche. Being able to relate what the customer expectations are in regard to a particular product especially the final product quality whether high or low does not depend on the price elasticity of demand. Rather, it associated more with the specific needs that the particular product is meant to satisfy. This is a concept that is proposed to understand a pattern among successful advertising companies. It states that campaigns made unique propositions to the customer and this convinces producers to switch brands. In other words, it means any aspect of an object that differentiates it from other similar objects. Example of a product with an excellent unique selling proposition is the Bata shoes from Bata Company. Purchasing a pair from their stores definitely leaves a customer satisfied. They have a convenient and customer friendly online store for which they sell shoes and other accessories. They have excellent services since they offer free shipping and free return shipping for the purchased shoes that customers don’t want. This sometimes works in favor of Bata Company when the customers keep the purchased pairs of shoes. But in the case when the customers refuse to take the pairs of shoes and opt to ship them back, it cuts into the margin of the company and this lowers the net profits. Besides all these, Bata is known as the convenient, customer friendly, and most trusted way to purchase shoes online. This has made

The implications of the major determinants of demand and supply to Essay

The implications of the major determinants of demand and supply to domestic house building industry - Essay Example This paper starts with understanding this market. Here we will discuss about Porter’s Five Forces Model and try to understand the kind of customers marketers have in the domestic housing sector. This section would be followed by the discussion on determinants of demand and supply in the housing industry. Once we have understood the market structure and supply-demands we will be discussing various factors like economic, social, legal and environmental which affect the industry. This will be followed by the analysis and conclusion. The industry is made up of around 192,404 construction firms, 164,000 of which have less that 24 employees. Just 56 firms have more than 1,200 employees. (Source: Construction Statistics Annual 2002/CITB). 2 There are around 192,404 small and big firms. 56 firms have employed more than 1200 employees while 28,348 firms have employed 25 or more than 25 people and rest 164,000 firms have employed less than 24 people in their organization. Around 500 firms work for overseas contracts also.4 The segment rivalry and exit barriers are high. As it is almost mature industry in Britain, the number of suppliers and rivalry among them is high. This gives an added advantage to the constructor to negotiate for the quality and the price of goods supplied by them. The switching cost from one supplier to another is usually high. Buyers’ power in the case of houses is limited. There are several reasons for this i.e. increasing demand of house, lesser number of buyers, buyers not connected to each other, lack of information and others. The threat of substitutes is less and within the category. Housing requirements of an individual or family can be very specific leaving no room for many or instant substitutes. It depends upon the quality, price and availability of the house. The consumer behaviour can be divided on the basis of the type of consumers. They can be divided on the basis of

What motivational factors facilitate or hinder student performance in Essay

What motivational factors facilitate or hinder student performance in the process of EFL learning - Essay Example The importance of the topic on determining diverse motivational factors that influence academic learning in the EFL environment is to enable educators to apply best practices in contemporary setting. Most of the studies encountered acknowledged the importance of motivation in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Some studies discussed and proposed different motivational approaches, ranging from group processes (group norms and cohesiveness); focusing on the teachers’ instructional style and the educators’ ability to creatively provide examples that are vivid and acclimatized to local settings; and also instructional interventions applied by educators in conjunction with self-regulating strategies applied by learners. There are studies that aimed to determine the effectiveness of the motivational strategies in enhancing the academic performance and understanding of ESL students. One would like to determine if these factors were effectively used by teachers in designing mot ivational strategies. If so, were performance evaluation or monitoring measures been implemented to gauge the effectiveness of these strategies in creating a conducing learning environment for ESL learners. The articles reviewed were published within the last seven years where one study, Chen, Warden, & Chang was the oldest, published in 2005; followed by Lamb’s article which was published in 2007; Guilloteaux & Dornyei in 2008; and finally, two articles that were covered in the review were published in 2010: Chang and Wong.... C. Goal of the Review The overall goal of the review, therefore, is to add new factors that have been deemed instrumental in motivating ESL learners to manifest enhanced performance within contemporary setting. From the authoritative sources that have been evaluated, one recognized the value of incorporating culture, or specifically birthplace differences (Wong, 2010); acclimatizing examples used to local settings (Lamb, 2007); and even differentiating three distinct motivation orientations (instrumental, required, and integrative) where â€Å"integration may not be a significant factor in motivating language learning effort† (Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005, p. 622) within the Chinese cultural context. With increased universality of recognizing diversity in culture and in emphasizing the need to integrate factors that have been proven to be motivating and improving the learning environment, the current literature review would present these findings for future applicability. II. M ethod Section A. Years Covered The articles reviewed were published within the last seven years where one study, Chen, Warden, & Chang was the oldest, published in 2005; followed by Lamb’s article which was published in 2007; Guilloteaux & Dornyei in 2008; and finally, two articles that were covered in the review were published in 2010: Chang and Wong. B. Preliminary Sources Used to Locate the Studies These sources were all searched from the TESOL Quarterly (four articles) and TESOL Journal (one article). The TESOL Quarterly is explicitly described as â€Å"a refereed professional journal, fosters inquiry into English language teaching and learning by providing a forum for TESOL professionals to share their research

Life of Pi Adversity on Identity Essay Example for Free

Life of Pi Adversity on Identity Essay Adversity can present itself according to a vast spectrum of severity and can have drastically different effects on individuals. When faced with adversity, people either learn to adapt to what has happened and make do with the circumstances, whereas other individuals will find themselves unable to cope with adversity and ultimately breakdown and lose their ability to carry on. Yann Martel explores, in his fantasy adventure novel, Life of P, a young boys reaction to the hardships of adversity. Piscine Patel, an adventurous tenacious young boy experiences the struggle of urviving at sea, and the calamity of coping with tragic events in his life. Yann Martel develops the idea that adversity can transform an individuals identity and play a significant role in ones life by shaping personal values, determining ones inner strengths and self worth. adventure novel, Life of Pi, a young boys reaction to the hardships of adversity. Piscine Patel, an adventurous tenacious young boy experiences the struggle ot other individuals will tind themselves unable to cope witn adversity and ultimately

The No Load Circuit And Short Circuit Characteristics Biology Essay

The No Load Circuit And Short Circuit Characteristics Biology Essay The Ward-Leonard system is a conventional speed control method. It consists of a 3 phase induction machine controlling a separately excited DC generator. The DC generator in turn supplies a variable DC voltage to a DC motor. It is basically a DC variable speed drive [2]. The Ward-Leonard system is shown below in Figure 1. Figure : Ward-Leonard system setup The principle behind the Ward-Leonard system is that the DC generator can actually influence the motor to develop a torque and speed required by the load [3]. Thus the speed of the generator is directly proportional to the armature voltage applied to the DC motor [2]. The output voltage of the DC generator is controlled by adjusting the exciting voltage (field voltage), this then controls the speed of the DC motor [2]. Applications Travelling cranes Lifts Mine hoists Boring machines Table : Ward-Leonard system advantages and disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Very wide range of speeds High cost Provides step less speed control Low over-all efficiency Experiment Apparatus 2- coupled induction machine and dc motor (as shown below in Figure 2) 4- digital multimeters (DMM) 2- Variac (Excitation field) Tachometer Figure : Coupled induction machine and dc machine Objectives of the experiment Characterise the DC machines and determine the equivalent circuits. Derive the power flow equations between the DC machines in terms of the equivalent circuits. Control the power flow between the DC machines by adjusting the field currents. Then compare the measured results with the expected theoretical power flow. Experiment procedure and setup No-load Test This test was used to determine the armature voltage. Before the experiment began the armature and field resistance were both measured. The Variac (exciter) was then connected to the field port on the DC machine. The Digital multimeter was connected to the armature port on the DC machine in order to measure the armature voltage. The DC machine was coupled to a three phase induction machine which was first turned on to run the DC machine. The setup is shown below in Figure 3. Using the knob on the Variac, increase the field voltage with an increment of 10V ( also increases) and for each case determine the armature voltage. This was done from 0V to the rated field voltage 110V. Now decrease the field voltage to demagnetise the DC machine from 110V to 0V also with an increment of 10V. Note the residual magnetism. Figure : No-Load test setup Short-Circuit Test This test was used to determine the armature current. The same procedure for the No-Load test was followed but in this case the digital multimeter was connected in series in the armature port in order to measure the current. Using the knob on the Variac, increase the field voltage with an increment of 10V and for each case determine the armature current. This was done from 0V to the rated field voltage 110V. The DC machine was demagnetised from 110V to 0V also with an increment of 10V recording the armature current. Ward Leonard experiment This setup was used to determine the power flow between the machines. The two coupled machines were connected together as shown below in Figure 4. A coupled machine is shown in Figure 1. The coupled machines were connected together through the armature. The positive terminals of the armature were connected together and the negative terminals were connected together. A digital multimeter was connected in between the positive terminals of the armature in order to measure the current. Each DC machine was connected to Variac through the field port. Both the Variac machines were turned down to 0V. The two induction machines were switched on both at the same time from the 3 power supply. The Variac knobs were both turned at the same time with an increment of 10V from 0V. This is done up until the multimeter reads 0A. The 0A was obtained at a field voltage of 110V. At this stage the second machine was left constant and the field voltage of the first machine was turned down at an increment of 10V, whilst recording the current and the speed of the machine without exceed the speed of 1502 rpm. A tachometer was used to measure the speed. After that the first machine was calibrated back to 110V, were the multimeter reads 0A. Now the first machine was left constant and the field voltage of the second machine was turned down at an increment of 10V, whilst recording the current and the speed of the machine without exceed the speed of 1502 rpm. A tachometer was used to measure the speed. After this then the practical is complete, the next step is to deduce an equation for the power as a function of excitation (field current) based on the machine characteristics. Then plot the graphs. Figure : Power flow setupC:UsersMashDesktopf.bmp Safety Do not exceed the ratings of the machines and all the other equipment. Switch off the equipment after completing the practical. Results Characterisation of DC machine Table : Armature and field resistance Resistance Before After 7.3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ 9.8 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ 573 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ 542 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ No-load characteristics G:Machine Pracopennn.bmp Figure : No-load circuit Table : No-load test results Magnetizing Demagnetizing Field volts (V) Armature volts (V) Field volts (V) Armature volts (V) 0 0 1.6 9 10 27.8 10 35 20.8 61.1 20.5 68 30 88.9 30.1 97 40 116.8 38.2 119 50.1 141.1 50.1 148 60.6 165.1 60.1 170 70 181.9 69.5 185 80 196.2 80.4 200 90 209 90.5 211 100.2 218 100.9 220 110.3 227 110.3 227 Figure : No load test results plot The following table shows the calculated field current using the measured field resistance of 573 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. Table : Amperes in the field coils Magnetizing Demagnetizing Field volts (V) Field Amperes (A) Field volts (V) Field Amperes (A) 0 0.0000 1.6 0.0028 10 0.0175 10 0.0175 20.8 0.0363 20.5 0.0358 30 0.0524 30.1 0.0525 40 0.0698 38.2 0.0667 50.1 0.0874 50.1 0.0874 60.6 0.1058 60.1 0.1049 70 0.1222 69.5 0.1213 80 0.1396 80.4 0.1403 90 0.1571 90.5 0.1579 100.2 0.1749 100.9 0.1761 110.3 0.1925 110.3 0.1925 Figure : DC generator no-load characteristics Comments The graph shows the relationship between the no-load armature voltage and the field current at a constant speed of 1496 rpm. The magnetization curve is a straight line up to a field current of 0.1A, after this point the graph approaches a condition known as saturation, thus any increase in the field current does not result in an increase in the armature voltage. Consequently the demagnetizing plot is above the magnetizing plot, this is due to the residual magnetism and hence the curve begins just above the 0 mark (a little way up). Closed circuit test G:Machine Pracshortt.bmp Figure : Closed circuit diagram Table : Closed circuit results Magnetizing Demagnetizing Field volts (V) Armature current (A) Field volts (V) Armature current (A) 1.7 2.54 1.6 0.21 10.8 3.63 10.7 1.1 20.5 4.52 18.8 1.81 30.8 4.72 29.5 2.64 40 5.54 39.9 3.37 50.9 6.4 50.2 3.93 60.7 5.59 60.8 4.44 70 6.01 70.7 5.05 80 6.1 80.8 5.5 90 6.52 90 5.9 100 6.92 100 6.54 111 7.4 111 7.4 Figure : Short-circuit characteristics Nameplate Information No-load circuit calculations Figure : No-load Fitted-curve This can be written as Using Figure 10 we can use the fitted plot of the no-load saturation curve above to determine the constant. The measured speed is used. From Thus we can calculate: But in practice we can approximate the value of the torque constant Short-circuit calculations Figure : Short circuit fitted plot This can be written as As calculated above Thus by substitution Thus now we can determine the armature resistance Coupled machines (Ward-Leonard system) ) 110.1 110 0.1 1492 1491 0.205224 0.15597 110.1 100 0.15 1492 1492 0.186567 0.212687 110.1 90 0.49 1490 1494 0.16791 0.625299 110 79.9 0.86 1486 1499 0.149067 0.974303 110.1 70 1.22 1490 1498 0.130597 1.210896 110 60 1.59 1480 1499 0.11194 1.352687 110.1 50 2.03 1484 1501 0.093284 1.439179 110.1 40.3 2.45 1484 1503 0.075187 1.399974 Power flow ) 110 110 0.1 1492 1492 0.205224 0.15597 100 110 -0.83 1492 1496 0.186567 -1.17687 90 110 -1.17 1480 1500 0.16791 -1.49306 80 110 -1.56 1470 1500 0.149254 -1.76955 70 110 -2.05 1474 1500 0.130597 -2.0347 60.1 110 -2.25 1483 1502 0.112127 -1.91737 Derivation of power equation Figure : Ward-Leonard system setup Figure : Ward-Leonard system equivalent circuit Now from Figure above we expect that Where (For the generator) (For the motor) (For the generator) (For the motor) Equate equation (1) and (2) Rewrite the equation Now we observe that Let This equation remains the same, it just depends which machine is a generator and which machine is a motor. As mentioned above to determine which machine acts as a generator or motor, we look at the following sign conversion. Conclusion DC machine Characterisation The DC machine characterisation of the generator was successfully done, both the no-load test and the short circuit test were done and all the parameters were calculated. The parameter calculated include the armature resistance which was found to be 6.25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ as compared to the measured and the rated armature resistance it is within range ( difference). The characterisation also helps us understand how the dc works; by using the saturation curves we can determine the point where the machine starts saturation and determine the critical resistance. We can also determine information about the machine which would normally be given in the nameplate. Ward-Leonard system and the power flow The power flow equation was successfully derived and found as the equation below The equation was derived from the Ward-Leonard system that was setup in the practical. The practical showed that the power can be controlled between two DC machines using this setup. In the practical the power flowed from the generator to the motor, this was seen through the current having a negative current flowing in one direction and a positive current flowing to the other direction. The practical was successful and it clearly corresponds to the theory. What I leaned The practical was useful in terms of helping us understand the concept of residual magnetism which is the same as in the theory. The practical was also a good representation in terms of how an elevator/lift works.

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage Nursing shortage has increased greatly and rapidly in recent years with well developed hospital systems. However, as considering nursing job satisfaction, commitment, and quality of care as a significant issues for health care organizations, there are high level of turnover rate and staff absenteeism. Nevertheless, satisfied nurses are more commitment; provide high level of performance, and creative. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the relationship between staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and the quality of provided care (AL-Hussami, 2008). It found that nursing satisfaction is affected by several factors. Higgins (1999) point out, nurses will have a great sense of satisfaction within the job if they work autonomously, and empowered them self. While Chen-chug, Samuels and Judith (2003) indicated that health care policies have an impact on nursing satisfaction as an effective policies will meet the staff needs and be more satisfied. Work related factors such as workload and stress, clinical supervision, salary, leadership style, and motivation are the most related factors related to job satisfaction among the nurses (Bartram, Joiner, and Stanton; AL-Hussami 2008) Working as a nursing demonstrator at King Abdu Aziz University (KAAU) and acting as a clinical instructor in the university hospital (KAAUH) with regard to nursing management, I have a professional interest to enhancing the quality of nursing care by identifying the associated factors of job dissatisfaction. Embarking on this fieldwork, the following paper will focus exclusively on the methods of practicing theory-based and acquired nursing knowledge by employing Herzberg job satisfaction theory into the environment of improving the quality of nursing care and to be satisfied with the job in KAAUH. First of all, reflection of my experience by using Carper model will be presented. Secondly, the concept of job satisfaction will be defined. Then a detailed description of Herzberg theory will be discussed. Finally, applying of Herzberg theory in to practice to have a high job satisfaction among nurses will be explained. Aesthetic: In this experience I tried to maintain a healthful work environment with a high quality of care by reducing the level of stress and anxiety for both the staff nurse and the patient. Moreover, I was seeking to have an effective communication and relationship with this patient to be more relaxed and satisfied with the provided care. Also, the patient safety is an important issue should be considered in this situation as the nurse was complaining from insufficient knowledge about choosing the appropriate vein and the right skills to insert the cannula. So, I asked her to go for a rest and seek for a help from the other staffs to insert the cannula for several reasons. The nurse can be more relaxed without dealing with this patient in this situation. Moreover, in order to avoid the possibility of conflict. In addition, to maintain the safety for the patient by prevent the occurrence of the complications. So, the patient will be in the safe way, more comfortable and satisfied with the pro vided care and no more complain can be documented. However, I felt that the nurse was very confused and she had a low self esteem of what she did, but she did not recognized that this is the best action for both of them. Personal: As a human being I understand the level of the pain and anxiety that this patient was encountered. I felt and I knew that the patient needs a help from the other health care providers to be survived by avoiding the dealing with this irritated staff. Moreover, I recognised that he was aggressive with the nurse not because she is a nurse, but because of his feeling of pain and high level of anxiety. One of the main issues in this situation was the communication. There was no communication and no trust relationship. As the nurse patient relationship is very important to develop a support and trust between them which is considered as a crucial issue while providing the care. The communication process between the nurse and the patient was brooked down that cause a violent behaviour from the patient. Ethics: I think I have managed the situation probably in the right way. The workload and the in appropriate skills could lead to the nursing error which affects on the patients outcomes. As with this experience the patient has the possibility of cannula complication. Moreover, the inability to communicate, understands the patient culture, provide a support and the explaining the problem will increase the level of anxiety and reduce the quality of care. In addition, to understand the nursing profession and their roles is very important concern to enhance the communication and the nurse patient relationship. I think to avoid looking to the nursing job as a terrible job is very important to the nurse to practice and provide the care with high level of confident. Moreover, I am as a nurse needs more attention from the hospital organization and from my nurse manager to develop my career by increasing the level of knowledge. Furthermore, reduce the work overload by suitable staff allocation is an essential. As it is known that the emergency department has crowded patients with different symptoms. In this situation I feel that the nurse manager should allocate two qualified staff in each observational room to decrease the workload possibility. Empirics: Quality in the health care is defined as performing, practicing and providing the care directed to the patients in the appropriate time and way to achieve the excellence and have a best patients outcomes. It noticed that the hospitals with satisfied nurses and low rate of nurses turnover are providing a high quality of care and this could be result in patient satisfaction with the giving care. Nurse staffing has a major role on the patients safety and their outcomes. Evidence based practice reviewed 26 studies of nursing staffing and the patients outcomes. It has reported that the low nurse staff the more clients adverse affects such as pressure sore. Furthermore, it found that there are several factors contributing to the low staff nurses in the hospitals. Workload in the ward with few staff nurses can lead to many effects such as work stress which is identified as the main obstacle of providing a high quality of care. Stress among nursing staff could be result from many different reasons. According to Ditzel.E.M stress is duo to the workload, long hour shifts and the type of the task or procedure. Moreover, nursing participation in the patient care plan is a significant issue to provide a high quality of care. It has demonstrated that a good contribution will result a good outcomes. In addition, the high quality of care can be performed with a high level of knowledge. So , the staff development and continuing education is very crucial in any hospital to produce high qualified and satisfied nurses. At the end of the reflection, it acknowledged that job satisfaction is identified as concept that will be clearly defined and stated in the next section based on evidence. Concept In all hospitals throughout the world, it seems that the main concern of the patient is to receive a good quality of nursing care and to be treated properly. Moreover, nurses are demonstrating their knowledge and skills while giving the care, and make the patients to feel more comfortable through providing the appropriate support for them as a human being ( ). In addition, the quality of care is known as practicing accurately, at the correct time and way for the appropriate person to achieve an excellent result by providing safety, efficiently, timely and focused on patients (Wisconsin Hospital Association 2009). Therefore, to provide a high quality of nursing care through the hospital organizations, the nurses should be satisfied with their job which is considered as a significant issue for the patients, hospitals and for themselves (policy, 2008). Nursing care has been examined, explained, and defined through the literature during the past few decades by a number of researchers. Ho wever, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a connection between the nursing satisfaction and the quality of provided care. To some extent, dissatisfied nurses with their job will lead to higher rate of patients harmful outcomes (Stanton, 2004). As it found that nursing satisfaction is creating a chain, high level of nursing satisfaction lead to high quality of care and this can result in patient satisfaction within the care (Weiss, 2002). Complementing these studies the other studies have evident that low job satisfaction will affect on the quality of care and raise the plan to leave the career among nurses. Moreover, this issue is considered as a challenge which facing the health care organizations (Buchan and Aiken, 2008). Therefore, define job satisfaction defined as: A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job, an affective reaction to ones job, and an attitude towards ones job(Weiss, 2002). It revealed that nursing satisfaction is associated with many several factors that could affect on the quality of care. As a numerous studies have discovered that work related factors play an important role in nursing satisfaction. Al-ahmadi,H conducted a study to find out the reasons of job dissatisfaction among Saudi nurses, and she found that the job performance and the organizational commitment are strongly affect on the level of job satisfaction. In 2009, Ditzel.E demonstrated that the workload is identified as essential factor which reduce the level of job satisfaction among the nurses and lead to increase the job stress which result in harmful outcomes. Furthermore, based on the review of nine articles Comber and Barriball (2007) have reported that the contributing factors related to the work environment are important with nursing turnover more than the demographic factors. Nurses salary is identified as one of the essential factors of nursing satisfaction. However, some findi ng claimed that nurses salary do not affect on their work, While other studies have shown the connection between the salary and level of job satisfaction among the nurses. Trembly et al., have argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some nurses and let them to quit. Staff development and continuing education has a significant impact on nursing ability to produce high quality of care. Educational programs which are offered by the health care organizations will increase the level of the knowledge to produce a high quality of care and eliminate the possibility of nursing errors. Although previous researchers have identified that nurses careers have various stages, a few papers have recognized that nursing job required different programs to respond to their need(Chang, Chou and Cheng, 2007). Considering the Patient safety it seems that it is the major source of dissatisfaction to most of the nurses. The nurses were unconfident and felt guilty as they were unable to provide the appropriate care (Stanton, 2004). Consequently, the concept of job satisfaction is very crucial as it will affect on their level of performance. Herzberg theory overview In this section Herzbergs theory of motivation is identified as the most appropriate theory that can increase the level of nursing satisfaction, and to provide the patient safety . To effectively apply Herzberg theory in to practice, one needs to fully establish an understanding of the concept and the theory. So, Herzbergs theory of job satisfaction and its feasibility will be clearly described. Frederick Herzbergs is a psychologist who creates the theory of motivation in the late of 1959s and it is known as two factor theory (Marquis and Huston, 2003). In this theory, Herzberg used Maslows general theory of motivation particularly in work motivation (Huber, 2006). The theory was developed after interviewing two groups of employees to identify the main reasons of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. From this interview Herzberg elucidates the contributing factors that motivate the staffs throughout categorizing their individual requirements. Herzberg wrote a phrase which is said  We can expand by stating that the job satisfiers deal with the factors involved in doing the job, whereas the job dissatisfies deal with the factors which define the job context. (Herzberg, 1959). Herzberg states that the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different phenomenons (Sullivan and Decker, 2005). Furthermore, the theory developed through two dimensions to job satisfaction. It is based on the  concept that motivation can be  divided into hygiene factors and motivation factors.   Moreover, the theory concludes that there are two type of motivation (Syptak, Marsland and Ulmer 1999). According to Herzberg (1959), Hygiene Factors are not motivates the employees, but these factors can affect on the level of dissatisfaction; in other word, this factors will decrease the dissatisfaction among the staffs. Hygiene factors incorporate supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, and salary. Hence, these factors are related to the environment and lead to dissatisfaction. On the other hands, the motivator factors seems to be the factors that can motivate the employee by gratifying the individuals requirements and needs for personal development as they are associated to the job itself. Motivator factors include achievement, advancement, recognition and responsibility. It appears that with the adequate hygiene factors, the staffs would be not dissatisfied and enough motivators need to be existing to enhance the level of job satisfaction (Huber, 2006). It is important to notice that the opposite of dissatisfaction could not be satisfaction as well as the lack of motivators does not lead to dissatisfaction (Marquis and Huston, 2003). For example, if the hygiene factors are at low level, the staffs will be unsatisfied, and when the hygiene factors are at high level the staffs are not dissatisfies, but they are not motivated for higher performance. Conversely, when the motivators are at high level the staffs will be satisfied and provide a high level of quality (Manisera, Dusseldrop and Kooij, 2005). Critical analysis Herzbergs theory is adequate; he completely addressed his theory. This theory of motivation is clear and understandable as it makes the others to understand the nature of the job satisfaction by introducing these two factors of motivation. Herzberg developed his theory by using the study of Maslow, but he focused exclusively on the work structure. However, he did not define the concept of job satisfaction, but he identified and states the two factors that affect on the job satisfaction. Herzberg recognized the two main factors which are the main component of his theory. Motivator and hygiene factors are simply described and explained by Herzberg. This theory is widely applicable and being used in restructuring and designing the work in many organizations, as Herzberg identified the significant needs for the staff to be motivated and to increase the level of productivity. Based on the two factors of Herzbergs theory, Bare (2004) demonstrates that the nurse managers are deliberating th e motivation factors when they prepare and apply the policies to recruit and retain the nurses for a long period of time. In addition, the managers may also take into consideration the hygiene factors such as salary, as the very well paid is normally the answer for long term problems. There are nemoures studies have supported herzbergs theory. Lundberg ,Gudmundson and andersson (2009) have tested Herzbergs theory in hospitality and tourism management. They found that this theory has been used widely in several contexts. For instance, a study of Parsons and Broadbrides (2006) cited by Lundberg, Gudmundson and andersson (2009), they applied herzbergs classification of intrinsic factors sauch as responsibility, work itself and recognition, and extrinsic factors as working conditions and salary. The significant results reported that there is a high level of satisfaction with intrinsic factors, and low level of satisfaction with extrinsic factors which indicates the agreement with herzbergs theor. Furthermore, a conducted study of Furnham, Forde and Ferraris (1999) gave an example of herzbergs theory application in a study of personality and work motivation, they concluded that motivation factors are significant in the workplace, while heygiene factors are more critica l in selecting a job. Beside these studies, herzbergs two factor theory was applied in a study of nurses satisfaction within nursing crare and work in psychatric units (swedish study), it revealed that this theory support the purpose of clinical supervision which had a convinced effect on nursing satisfaction (Rask and Levander, 2002). Friedlanders (1963) carried out a study that show the agreement with herzbergs theory. In 1963 Friedlanders examined a 17 item questionnaire which evaluate the value of each item as a cause of employee satisfaction. In his result he found that there are three factors, two of these factors were matched with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation, on the other hand the third factor derived from both hyegiene and motivation factors. Moreover, a further study reveald that the results were supported to herzbergs theory was conducted by Halpern (1966). Halpern had 93 subject and they were asked regarding the aspect of liked job on a 7 item scale. In the results he discovered that there are two points, which are satisfaction with the work itself and achievments opportunities, are reported as the best concerns in a liked job. In addition, he added that all of his subjects were satisfied with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation similarly. However, this theory resulted in much controversy in the work place. Part of the argument was due to present the salary as a factor that does not play a role in job satisfaction (Manisera et al., 2005), while Trembly et al., argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some staff for let them to quit. Moreover, some critics do not recognize the clarity between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Huber, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2003; Manisera et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it appeared that part of the doubt around Herzberg theory was in Herzberg methodology and the lack of identifying the relationship between the two variables. Basically, Herzberg was collected his data by interviewing and questioning the employee with two situations related to their job experience. Firstly, they asked to think of time that they feel satisfied and dissatisfied with the job. Secondly, they asked to discuss their situations and identify the factors associated to their satisfaction an d dissatisfaction with the job. Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow (1967) have examined the Herzberg methodology. They reported that Herzberg did not control the number of situations form a given employee, or either the number of the associated factors of their job. They argued that this theory did not state the relation and the effects between these two variables which are hygiene and motivator factors to the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it found that according to Herzberg distinction in his methodology, he will gain different results (Furnham et al., 1999). it is important to notice that the literature have demonestrated other studies that showed the disagreement with herzberg theory. Lindsay et al., (1967) revealed that the results of their study have shown that the staff will be satisfied with their success on a job even if there is a lack in the organization policies, or if there are inadequate environments around the job. However, workers who do not experience as if they have a great achievement on their job will be dissatisfied even if the environments around the job are helpful. Therefore, these results are obviously inconsistent with Herzbergs argument that there is no relation between the two factors. In addition, several studies evident that motivator factors are very significant more than hygiene factors in relation to satisfaction, while Herzberg did not refer to this point in his theory. Furnham et al., (1999) indicate that how can this theory used within the organisations without state the difference of persons gender, culture and age group. However, three main studies demonstrated that their results were supportive with Herzbergs result that hyiegne factors lead to dissatisfaction, and motivator factors lead to satisfaction (Mayers 1964; Saleh 1964; Schewartz, Jenusaitis and Stark, 1963). Moreover, the theory is still valid, applicable, and useful to applied in any management organisation (Furnham, et al., 1999; Lundberg et al., 20 09). To sum up, it believed that Herzbergs theory is being used in various management contexts such as nursing satisfaction, hospitality and tourism management, and in a personality and motivation study. Despite of that fact that this theory is useful, it found that there are a limitation within this theory within the methodology and the relation between these two factors where few studies state that there is a relation. Theory into practice: Basically, using Herzberg theory in any health care organization will motivate the staff and increase their level of satisfaction. Considering the two factors theory, the organizations will be noticed a plenty of changes among their staff on various levels (Byrne, 2006). Herzbergs theory is widely used in the management and nursing organizations. For instance, this theory is used to increase nursing satisfaction in psychiatric unit. Applying Herzberg theory in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) to increase the level of satisfaction will be as following: Hygiene factors: Despite the fact that hygiene factors (policy, supervision, interpersonal relation, work environment, and salary) are not considering as the source of the job satisfaction, it is important to treat these factors effectively in KAAUH to generate a good environment with satisfied staff and high quality of care. The health care policy is essential in any health care organization. Moreover, the purpose of the policy is to provide a plan of action or instructions to guide decisions and achieve the organization outcomes, increase the quality of care, and staff satisfaction (Huber 2006). However, the nurses involvement in the health policy at KAAUH is very important as it affects on the nurses care and the profession itself. Nurses participation in the health policy as policy makers will make significant changes in the nursing practice, education, responsibilities and roles. It found that the nursing practice has an impact on health care policy (Finkelman 2006; McCloskey, 2004). As a result, the contribution of nurses in health policy is significant in order to raise the level of job satisfaction. Although nursing involvement in the health policy is crucial, the health care policies can be a source of dissatisfaction among the staff nurses (Syptak et al., 1999). However, the policy at KAUH should be clear, easy and should be followed. Moreover, it is important that the policy should be applicable, and easy to access for all the staff by having manual copies in each word. Furthermore, the policies must be updated and depend on the evidence based researchers to enhance the quality of care and patients safety. With regard to clinical supervision, it seems that it strongly affect on job satisfaction, turnover, and the quality of care (  Kristiina, Kaija and  Riina, 2006). In the terms of increase the job satisfaction among new qualified nurses at KAUH, a mentorship program can be applied effectively to reduce the turnover rate and increase the level of performance. Mentorship is known as supportive relationship recognized between the mentor and the mentee, where the knowledge, skills, and experiences are shared through the supervision role (Curtis, 2003). Consequently, Mentors play a critical role in supporting, teaching and assessing the practice which lead to increase nursing satisfaction and improve the quality of care and patients safety (ButtelWorth, 1995). In order to provide an adequate supervision in the clinical area, there are some responsibilities for the supervision. The supervisor at KAAUH should give a clear and positive feedback to make the staffs feel that they can trust their supervisor. Furthermore, the reliable and fairly approach to evaluate the staff performance is very significant issue to consider in this hospital. In addition, this role required leadership skills to treat with all staff equally (ButtelWorth, 1995; Syptak et al., 1999). Considering the interpersonal relation at KAAUH, it can be observed through the process of socializing. With the important role of the nurse manager, there will be an interpersonal interaction between the staff to convey knowledge, value, and supporting each other to achieve their goals (Huber2006). Furthermore, it is important to notice that socializing is very essential process in particular with the new qualified nurses, to have a successful work transition, and reduce the risk of getting shock at KAAUH (Huber 2006). Therefore, the staffs can cultivate their teamwork by their socializing (Syptak et al., 1999). It is important to notice that the working environment has an impact on the level of quality care and patient safety (Rashotte, 2008). Therefore, the health care organization at KAAUH should provide a healthy work environment for the nurses to be satisfied with the level of giving care and enhance the quality. Moreover, all the facilities, and required equipments are important to be available with an appropriate allocation of the personnel and adequate nurse patient ratio to avoid the possibility of overload. In addition, beside the physical environment, it is important that the organization at KAUH should motivate the staff to believe that their role is very critical in providing the care to increase their confidence and self esteem. It can be seen that through the staffs contribution in to practice, and good relationship with the other health care professions to work as teamwork, will resulted in a positive outcomes and high quality of care for the patients (Boughton, 2009; Rashott e, 2008; Syptak et al., 1999). Salary is considered as a controversial topic among the nurses and the health care organizations. The staff at KAAUH wants to be paid equally and fairly and not depend on the nationalities as the Indian and Filipinos salary are less that Saudis salary. In addition, if the staffs are not well paid they will not be satisfied with their work (swansburg. J and swansburg. C, 1999). 2. Motivator factors: Motivation factors ( responsibility, achievement, rewarding) are significant factors to be satisfied with the staff performance. However, the staff can be pleased with these factors only when the staff starts to the work, in contrast to hygiene factors which do not recognized how much the hard work is. One way of increasing the level of job satisfaction and motivate staff nurses in KAAUH is by giving them the freedom and the power to perform their tasks. Therefore, they will feel that they are capable and responsible within the quality of the care. Generally, as they become advance in their work they will add more responsibility. However, the added responsibility should be meaningful and exciting and not in sequence of overload. For example, the nurse manger can motivate their staff in the terms of increasing the accountability through the delegation process to develop new skills (Syptak et al., 1999). Achievement is the staffs aspect within the work and in the beginning of their career to be succeeded. To assist them in KAAUH, it is very important that the employees are allocated in the right position, so they can practice their skills, knowledge, and avoid the risk of work overload. Moreover, goals, policies, and standards at KAAUH should be clear for the staff nurses to follow. Furthermore, the staffs must be given a frequent, timely feedback on how they are doing within the work. Therefore, when the individuals have a success and achievement with the work at KAAUH, they need to be recognized for their achievement. Recognition of job performance is essential to staff nurse confidence and self esteem. It seems that acknowledgement and praise nurses achievement for a good handling of the situations are very significant issue to be considered by the nurse manager at KAAUH (Syptak et al., 1999; Coughlin, 2000). In terms of rewarding the staff for their achievement, it appeared as a good motivator to raise the level of their satisfaction at KAUH. However, there are different types of rewarding the staff nurses. The rewards can be financial and non-financial. Financial is monetary while the non-financial is a psychological rewards. Rewarding staff in KAAUH by giving the opportunity of continuing education is one type in relation to the advancement. According to Gieter et al., (2006) they demonstrated that the non-financial and psychological rewards are more important than the financial rewards. It can be evident that with the development of clinical advancement department in KAAUH, participating of education department and the role of the nurse managers to reward their staff in the hospital, the nurses will have the opportunity to advance their level of practice through several courses or conferences, knowledge, and the chance to conduct nursing research by supporting them as a reward for the ir achievement. To conclude, applying Herzbergs theory into KAAUH seems to experience some difficulties. Through this organization it is difficult to maintain a socializing between the staff. As a result of nursing shortage, there is no time for the staff to be socialized even though it is hard for the nurse manager to make an arrangement for it. Moreover, it appeared that rewarding system or department is not existed in this hospital, which requires an administrative support to develop it. However, while applying this theory, it seems that there is a considerable relation between hygiene and motivator factors which is not mentioned by Herzberg. Nevertheless, it is useful and applicable with salary, supervision, working environment, policy, and resposibility to provide a high productivity level. Conclusion: Nursing satisfaction is considered as the main concern for the all health care organizations in order to reduce the turnover rate. This paper suggests that through the concept definition of job satisfaction, high level of job satisfaction will improve the quality of nursing care, and lead to patient satisfaction. Moreover, Herzberg has identified two main factors that can be applied by many organizations to increase the level of staff satisfaction. Hygiene factors is related to job dissatisfaction, while motivation factors leading to job satisfaction. This theory has been used in several studies, nursing studies as well as management studies. Nursing studies applied Herzberg theory to increase their satisfaction in several aspects such as clinical supervision, rewarding and achievements, where as this paper attempted to apply the two factors theory (motivation and hygiene) in KAAUH to increase the satisfaction and enhance nursing care. It evident that Herzbergs theory is clear, adequ ate, consistent, and it has been widely used effectively. However, the debate of this theory was in the methodology, and the inability to recognize the relationship between these two variables (Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow 1967). Furthermore, the inability to differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is reported as a critique of this theory (Huber. D 2006, Marquis. B, Huston. C 2003, Manisera. M et al., 2005). It should be noted that applying thi

The Poweful Writing of Henry David Thoreau :: Biography

Why was Henry David Thoreau such a wonderful writer? He had many great qualities, but the most important were his devotion to nature and writing, his desire for independence, and his experiences he encountered throughout his life. Henry David Thoreau looked to nature as the basis of life and writing. He believed that nature is the reflection of inner spiritual reality. He spent his life in search of the essentials of reality and of experiences that would bring him close to these essentials. He lived in a hut for two years at Walden Pond to rid his body of inessential things. During Thoreau's stay, he completed his first book titled, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers(1849). Here, he also filled his journals with materials for his most famous piece, Walden. After he left the hut, and after college, he became a literary apprentice by writing essays and poems and by helping edit the transcendentalist journal, The Dial. When success did not come, Thoreau remained dedicated to his program of "education" through intimacy with nature, and also through writing that would express this experience. It was his life in nature that was his great theme. In order for Thoreau to write so much on nature he had to be familiar with it. His knowledge of the woods and fields, of the rivers, the ponds, and swamps, of every plant and animal was outstanding. Emerson even stated, "His power of observation seemed to indicate additional senses." Thoureau wrote a book titled Walden(1854) in which the theme of it was the relationship to the order and beauty of nature in the human mind. This book consists of records of Thoreau's stay at Walden Pond. Thoreau's love and devotion to nature and his writing was a key to his excellence in writing. Henry David Thoreau also felt that individualism was a great necessity to his writing style. In his piece of literature titled "Civil Disobedience", he expressed his belief in the power and the obligation of the individual to determine right from wrong, independent of the dictates of society. Thoreau's friends agreed with his views, but few practiced it in their own lives as consistently as he. Thoreau demonstrated his idea of independence in many ways. He worked for pay intermittently, he made relationships with many of the towns outcasts, he never married, he signed off from the First Parish Church rather than be taxed automatically to support it every year, and he lived alone in the woods for two years, in seclusion. His nearest neighbor was at least a mile away. While he was living independently in the woods, he thought of many new The Poweful Writing of Henry David Thoreau :: Biography Why was Henry David Thoreau such a wonderful writer? He had many great qualities, but the most important were his devotion to nature and writing, his desire for independence, and his experiences he encountered throughout his life. Henry David Thoreau looked to nature as the basis of life and writing. He believed that nature is the reflection of inner spiritual reality. He spent his life in search of the essentials of reality and of experiences that would bring him close to these essentials. He lived in a hut for two years at Walden Pond to rid his body of inessential things. During Thoreau's stay, he completed his first book titled, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers(1849). Here, he also filled his journals with materials for his most famous piece, Walden. After he left the hut, and after college, he became a literary apprentice by writing essays and poems and by helping edit the transcendentalist journal, The Dial. When success did not come, Thoreau remained dedicated to his program of "education" through intimacy with nature, and also through writing that would express this experience. It was his life in nature that was his great theme. In order for Thoreau to write so much on nature he had to be familiar with it. His knowledge of the woods and fields, of the rivers, the ponds, and swamps, of every plant and animal was outstanding. Emerson even stated, "His power of observation seemed to indicate additional senses." Thoureau wrote a book titled Walden(1854) in which the theme of it was the relationship to the order and beauty of nature in the human mind. This book consists of records of Thoreau's stay at Walden Pond. Thoreau's love and devotion to nature and his writing was a key to his excellence in writing. Henry David Thoreau also felt that individualism was a great necessity to his writing style. In his piece of literature titled "Civil Disobedience", he expressed his belief in the power and the obligation of the individual to determine right from wrong, independent of the dictates of society. Thoreau's friends agreed with his views, but few practiced it in their own lives as consistently as he. Thoreau demonstrated his idea of independence in many ways. He worked for pay intermittently, he made relationships with many of the towns outcasts, he never married, he signed off from the First Parish Church rather than be taxed automatically to support it every year, and he lived alone in the woods for two years, in seclusion. His nearest neighbor was at least a mile away. While he was living independently in the woods, he thought of many new

How to Rule the Airways Essay -- Papers

How to Rule the Airways Scriptwriting for radio is considered to be harder than scriptwriting for film and TV as the writers cannot use sight and must portray the story through sound and dialogue. In this short discussion I will be talking about the linguistic conventions and syntax and vocabulary also I will be discussing style and structure purpose and genre. The first thing is linguistic conventions this is basically the different types of ways they structure their sentences to make them sound good to the audience. 1.0Linguistic conventions: There are a lot of linguistic conventions in radio scripts and I will identify some of these now: 1.1Alliteration: Alliteration is using words with the same starting letters in a row to slow down or speed up the speech of the words spoken an example of this is peter piper picked a peck of pickled pepper although there is some words in the middle of the sentence that do not start with the same letter, it does not matter as they are short and are joining words which are spoken so fast it does not matter that they are there. The example I have just written is the example of using alliteration to slow down speech if you can also use it to point out particular words and to make a point. 1.2Onomatopoeia: Onomatopoeia is used to replace sounds with words, where words are used instead of sounds like instead of a bee buzzing they would say buzz instead of a buzzing sound they use this in radio to either make a joke or to make you understand the sound that they are hearing. 1.3Oxymorons: Oxymoron’s are used in radio scripts sometimes to confuse or to amplify the meaning of words. ... ...es to conform to their target audience so like a news broadcast would appeal to old people or middle aged people its purpose is to entertain their audience and they do this many different ways using many types of linguistic conventions mentioned above. 5.0 Genre: There are many different genres for radio scripts two of these are comedy and drama you do get others. These two types of genre are commonly used as that is what most people like to listen to on the radio another one is music as that is what the audience is attracted to. The Genres are different as there are different types of people who like different sorts of things so they can change the genre during the show from a comedy then to a drama to keep a wide range of listeners. bibliography http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/vclass/terms.htm

Essay --

During 26 December, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Nadi, Fiji (TCWC Nadi), started to monitor a tropical depression that had developed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone about 575 km (355 mi) to the south-east of Nauru.[1][2] Over the next few days the depression gradually developed and organised further, as it moved towards the west-southwest under the influence of a north-easterly steering flow.[1][3] During 28 December, the JTWC classified the depression as Tropical Cyclone 05P, before TCWC Nadi reported that the system had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and named it Rewa.[4][5][6] Over the next few days, the system gradually intensified under the influence of favourable upper-level winds while it moved towards the south-southwest, passing through the Solomon Islands on 29 December and affecting the southeastern islands of Papua New Guinea.[3][7] As it moved through the So lomon Islands, Rewa moved out of the South Pacific basin and into the Australian region, where the Bureau of Meteorology's Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre (TCWC Brisbane) took the primary warning responsibility for the system.[4][8] On 30 December, the JTWC reported that Rewa had become equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS); early the next day TCWC Brisbane reported that the system had developed into a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, and an eye became visible on satellite imagery.[1][2][5] The system then abruptly turned and started to move towards the south parallel to the Queensland coast because of an interaction with an upper-level trough of low pressure.[3][4] On 2 January both the JTWC and... ... a tropical storm while throughout that day TCWC Brisbane assessed Rewa as a category 3 severe tropical cyclone.[2][7] During the next day, TCWC Brisbane reported that Rewa had weakened into a category 2 tropical cyclone as it recurved and started to move towards the south-east about 265 km (165 mi) to the east of Mackay, Queensland.[7][5] Over the next couple of days the system moved towards the south-southeast along the Queensland coast while maintaining its intensity.[5] During 21 January, TCWC Brisbane and the JTWC reported that Rewa had weakened below cyclone strength, as the system moved back into the South Pacific basin for the third and final time.[4][6] Rewa's remnants were last noted late on 23 January, by TCWC Wellington, bringing heavy rain to New Zealand, while dissipating over water about 400 km (250 mi) to the east of Wellington, New Zealand.[4][5][11]

Project Management Essay

1. Discuss why many information technology professionals may overlook project cost management and how this might affect completing projects within budget. Information technology professionals do not understand basic accounting and finance principles to be able to do a net present value analysis return on investment and payback analysis. It should also be considered that new technologies or software development expenses are very inaccurate as it is hard to put a figure on something has not been developed. The problems they face may be they estimate too quickly, do not have the estimating experience, may be biased towards underestimating and management may require more accuracy. The book states that IT professionals understand the value of a balanced portfolio aligned with business objectives but lack a well-defined and consistent process for managing the origination, evaluation and execution of IT investments. As far as contemplating projects with budgets it would not be an accurate estimate of cost unless all the stakeholders are involved to make these determinations. 4. Explain what happens during the process to determine the project budget. A project budget involves allocating cost estimates to individual work over the time of the project and is based on the WBS. The budget is determined using the cost estimates, basis of estimates, scope baseline, schedule, resource calendar, contracts and organizational process assets. The main goal is cost budgeting which creates a cost baseline for measuring performance and funding requirement and taking into consideration document updates. It is also important to understand how the company operates so the budget is created appropriately. 6. What is project portfolio management? Can project managers use it with earned value management? Project portfolio management allows organizations to collect and control an entire suite of projects or investments as on set of interrelated activities. Project managers can use it with earned value management as it is a performance measurement technique that let them know how well the project is meeting scope, time and cost goals by entering actual information and then comparing it to a baseline. 7. Describe several types of software that project managers can use to support project cost management. Spreadsheets are a common tool used for cost estimating, budgeting and control. Microsoft Project is a project management software that allows for the following to be created such as: cash flow, budgets, over budget tasks, over budget resources and earned value reports. Some project managers simply use the company’s accounting software and spreadsheets to receive more flexibility. They have also learnt to connect their accounting software to the project management software for more accurate information.

Blue bouquet Essay

Have you even been in a situation when you energise g atomic number 53 from lend innocence to devour in a short period of time? In the short taradiddle The Blue perfume written by Octavio Paz, the main instance starts off by waking up from a nap and going on a walk even by and by be warned not to by the proprietor of the boardinghouse. Whilst out the shoplifter gets stopped in the middle of the night by other man with a knife who cute something very unusual.It wasnt money or jewelry it was the mans eyes. The peculiar said his girlfriend wanted a bouquet of blue eyes for herself, save the innocuous man didnt have blue eyes, which the stranger soon read out and let the man go. later that night, the protagonist left the very future(a) morning. This story illustrates how fast things can depart and how you can go from very innocent to experienced in as bitty as an hour. Octavio Pazs short story demonstrates that experiences argon so important because we fix knowledge and learn from them, resulting in break-dance judgment for similar situations in the future.Experiences are things that we come across and that changes us from the person we once were. It could be good or grownup, we have no control over it. In this story the man goes from creation just in his town to being horrified by what he has experienced. At the start of the story that he feels safe I went to the little window and inhaled the unsophisticated air scallywag 163. He likewise shows his innocence on page 163, A gray winged womanize, dazzled, circled the yellow light.The butterfly symbolises the innocence he once had, ahead everything regained. But when he left, the lack of experience appeared over again. The boardinghouse owner had all one eye and told the man not to move out in the darkness. Without really compensable attention he plunged into the dark anyway. This flesh out of information by the author foreshadows the things that could happen to the protagonist later on in the story. But its not only how you experience things, its what you gain from them.When mortal experiences something, it doesnt just disappear and we obstruct slightly it. You always gain something it could be psychological or physical. In this skid he gains something psychological knowledge. I went in without saying a word. The next twenty-four hours I left town, page 165. This shows thatbecause he went from not knowing anything about the town to being very experienced, the protagonist has gained the knowledge not to go spikelet there again for his own sake.When someone experiences something bad, the natural controvertion is to avoid doing it again. Experiences show us the outcome in an event, resulting in us having wagerer choices in the future. For suit if you fail a test, usually good deal want to know what type of questions they got amiss(p) so it doesnt happen again on a final exam. In this short story, Octavio Paz demonstrates that the protagonist has already larn from his mistake and to act accordingly in this case the man leaves the town.So to fill up this short story emphasises the importance of experiences, how you react and learn from them, which results in sharpened choices and feeling in the future. People can mend to this short story because we all go through experiences which shape us as individuals. We cant help but embrace experiences because good or bad we take something away from it that makes us better/stronger individuals. These types of literature show us these concepts in a presentation we can tinge to.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).