Prejudice in America Essay example -- Prejudice United States

Prejudice, the Spoil of LifeI was born and raised in Europe. I have learned from my news report books that there were exemption and equality in the United States. I learned that, among many other rights, throng enjoy freedom of religion and freedom of name and address - the rights that were envied by millions of populate of the Eastern Block countries.When I came to the United States, I truly believed in the truthfulness of these terms. To my complete satisfaction, my experience taught me the existence of these facts. However, I became cross in my surroundings, when I was forced to recognize that a portion of people were non free of parti pris. Prejudice, Gordon Allport writes, is thinking ill of others without sufficient warrant (Allport, qtd. in Rottenberg and Winchell 81). This footling definition helped me to kick downstairs that, regardless of race, color, national origin, or gender, people share a univers all toldy existing problem prejudice.Despite of my experience re garding prejudice, many people believe that prejudice does not exist, and one should not interpret the opinion of others as prejudice. These people reason that it is their right to express their opinions. However, I do not agree with this judgment. permit me bring Gordon Allports essay of The Nature of Prejudice, and his observation of the types of prejudice to my defense. According to Allport, who summarized the different types of prejudices and defined prejudice in his essay, some people tactual sensation dislike against minorities, save they are not able to explain their reasoning, however. Allport found that this dislike is a mannerism taught by society and surfaces in their treatment to Negroes (Allport, qtd. in Rottenberg and Winchell 80). Others, who live in various parts of ... ...e years, but I still receive below the belt treatment at times. Besides some occasional unfairness, the legal age of people welcome my heritage rather interesting than controversial.My exper ience is only one example of the thousands of incidents against people. No matter where I look, I see unfair treatment all over the world. Regardless of the continent or culture, nobody is exempt from biases. But I cannot blame people carrying this disease because any middling community has to affirm on a limited amount of knowledge. However, and my experience is the best example, it takes time, effort, and courage to reveal causes and reasoning to draw up a shoemakers last so that the overt would have a full understanding of the historical background of any newcomer.Works CitedRottenberg, Annette T., and Donna Haisty Winchell. Elements of Argument. 8th. Boston Bedford/St Martins, 2006. Prejudice in America shew example -- Prejudice United StatesPrejudice, the Spoil of LifeI was born and raised in Europe. I have learned from my history books that there were freedom and equality in the United States. I learned that, among many other rights, people enjoy freedom o f religion and freedom of speech - the rights that were envied by millions of people of the Eastern Block countries.When I came to the United States, I truly believed in the truthfulness of these terms. To my complete satisfaction, my experience taught me the existence of these facts. However, I became disappointed in my surroundings, when I was forced to recognize that a portion of people were not free of prejudice. Prejudice, Gordon Allport writes, is thinking ill of others without sufficient warrant (Allport, qtd. in Rottenberg and Winchell 81). This short definition helped me to discover that, regardless of race, color, national origin, or gender, people share a universally existing problem prejudice.Despite of my experience regarding prejudice, many people believe that prejudice does not exist, and one should not interpret the opinion of others as prejudice. These people reason that it is their right to express their opinions. However, I do not agree with this judgment. Let me bring Gordon Allports essay of The Nature of Prejudice, and his observation of the types of prejudice to my defense. According to Allport, who summarized the different types of prejudices and defined prejudice in his essay, some people feel dislike against minorities, but they are not able to explain their reasoning, however. Allport found that this dislike is a mannerism taught by society and surfaces in their treatment to Negroes (Allport, qtd. in Rottenberg and Winchell 80). Others, who live in various parts of ... ...e years, but I still receive unfair treatment at times. Besides some occasional unfairness, the majority of people find my heritage rather interesting than controversial.My experience is only one example of the thousands of incidents against people. No matter where I look, I see unfair treatment all over the world. Regardless of the continent or culture, nobody is exempt from biases. But I cannot blame people carrying this disease because any average community has to rely on a limited amount of knowledge. However, and my experience is the best example, it takes time, effort, and courage to reveal causes and reasoning to draw up a conclusion so that the public would have a full understanding of the historical background of any newcomer.Works CitedRottenberg, Annette T., and Donna Haisty Winchell. Elements of Argument. 8th. Boston Bedford/St Martins, 2006.

Cults in our Midst :: Essays Papers

Cults in our Midst The book Cults in our Midst, tells all about the problems of madnesss and what you should look for when trying to notice if individual is getting involved in a cult. It has many different ideas on what makes a cult and the problems that they put on our society. The interesting part of this book to our separate was how it explained how cults use mind manipulation on people to get them to join a cult. It explains in a very efficient format how a cult goes about recruiting its members. The methods that cults use are not very ethical notwithstanding the author does not approach the subject by choosing a side but instead lets the reader decide if what cults do is good or bad. I think that this was a good way to approach the reader because often generation the author can sway his or her audience very easily by only stating the negative or positive side of a subject. I feel that the author had a very good hold on the subject and did a good job at bri nging the information crosswise a not a lot of opinions. I also got a lot of my information from a website. The websites address is www.factnet.org. It contained a lot of information on the use of mind control and cults. It had a lot of different ideas about approaches that cults took to entice members to join them. They had many useful links and information was put on the website in a manner that made it easy for you to find information on any area that you were interested in. They have a couple of paragraphs on each section that gives you a quick overview of the subject. If you would like to get more information on that subject matter they give you references and also links to different sites that would help you in your research.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Essay -- Health Medical Biology Biological

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy Located on the X chromosome lies a agent whose uncomely function would take from us what we often sloppily overlook -- our mobility. The freedom to dance with poise, to run with agility, to dress ones self, to bend over and scoopful a dropped pencil off the floor are all motions which are only dreamt of by those with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. An X-linked recessive disorder which washstand be exhibited in both males and females, DMD is most prominent in males, affecting 3500 boys in the world (McKusick). DMD affects muscle -- skeletal, smooth, and cardiac -- by causing degeneration (McKusick). Diagnosis occurs around fin years old, and by age ten, a wheelchair is often necessary for the patient. The skeletal muscle degeneration is followed by the eventual deterioration of digestion and of the urinary tract. The onset of this is some age fifteen, and cardiac muscle failure occurs around age twenty-one, making the lives of patients with DMD end around age seventeen (McKusick).The gene whose mutation causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is one that codes for the protein dystrophin (Bulman et al. 457). The gene for DMD was discovered first through gene cloning, and only later was the protein that it codes for, dystrophin, discovered (Evans et al. 310). Because of these two discoveries, diagnosis can occur by examining the gene or by looking for the presence of the protein dystrophin (Evans et al. 310). The disease can be detected at any age. In fact, a procedure has been developed which can diagnose DMD in utero using a muscle biopsy of the fetus (Evans et al. 310). Located on the X chromosome, the locus designation of the dystrophin gene is Xp21.2 (McKusick). This dystrophin gene has over 70 exons, an... ...ular Dystropy in a Female Fetus Suddenly at Risk. American Journal ofMedical Genetics 46 (1993) 309-312.McKusick, V.A. Hamosh, A. Brennan, P. Smith, M. Antonarakis, S.E. Hurko, O. 310200 Muscular Dystrophy, Pseudohypertrophic P rogressive, Duchenne and Becker Types. 24 February 1999. Online. Internet. 29 March 1999. Available http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dismim?/310200Mendell, J.R. Kissel, J.T. Amato, A.A. King, W. Signore, L. Prior, T.W. Sahenk, Z. Benson, S. McAndrew, P.E. Rice, R. Nagaraja, H. Stephens, R. Lantry, L. Morris, G.E. Burghes, A.H.M. Myoblast Transfer in the Treatment of Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy. The New England Journal of Medicine 13 (1995) 832-838.NCBI Genes and Disease Map Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Online. Internet. 29 March 1999. Available http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/DMD.html

Anne Bradstreet - Feminine but Feminist Essay -- essays research paper

As a female in a highly patriarchal society, Anne Bradstreet uses the reverse psychology technique to prove the contingent of her belief of unfair and unequal treatment of women in her community. Women who wrote stepped outside their appropriate sphere, and those who actually published their work frequently faced sociable censure. Compounding this social pressure, many women faced crushing workloads and struggled with lack of leisure for written material. Others suffered from an unequal access to education, while others were dealing with the sense of intellectual inferiority offered to them from virtually every significant voice, that voice usually being male. Bradstreet was raised in an influential family, receiving an extensive education with access to private tutors and the Earl of Lincolns large library. She was part of an influential family who encouraged her writing and circulated it in manuscript with pride. That kind of private support did much to offset the possibility o f public disapproval.Bradstreet believed that women in her society were treated unfairly, and that gender should be insignificant. In her "Prologue" she addresses conflict and struggle, expressing her opinion toward womens rights, implying that gender is unimportant and male dominance is wrong. Bradstreet asserts the rights of women to learning and expression of thought, addressing broad and universal themes.The "Prologue" has a humble tone with slightly unfathomed surprises, containing a mut...

Inspiration of Arundhati Roy to an Activist Essays -- Activism Music

November 2nd, 2004 was a tight evening for me. Having helped stage protests against the invasion of Iraq, having urged friends to support the HRC and the struggle for gay marriage, it was difficult to watch the election returns fare in, making it seem as though all I had done had been futile. One of the things that got me through was Arundhati Roys CD, Come September, which Id left in my cars CD player. Driving home from the grocery store I heard her read an excerpt of her article, The rarity of Imagination, in which she makeers a doubting friend another way of dreaming The only dream worth having, I told her, is to dream that you will live man youre alive and faint only when youre dead. Which means exactly what? she asked, a little annoyed. I tried to explain, but didnt do a very good business organization of it. Sometimes I need to write to think. So I wrote it d birth for her on a paper napkin. This is what I wrote To love. To be loved. To never forget your own insignificance. To never get used to the unspeakable violence and vulgar disparity of life around you. To seek joy in the saddest places. To pursue beauty to its lair. To never simplify what is complicated or complicate what is simple. To respect strength, never power. Above all, to watch. To try and understand. To never look away. And never, never to forget.1 When I think ab come to the fore it, the lyric poem are rather trite, easily imaginable within a pop song or a greeting card. These words, however, were universe spoken by Arundhati Roy, and in the car I, like many others who have drawn inspiration from her words, from Howard Zinn, to Judith Butler, to Ani DiFranco, felt a little more able to go back in my house, exclude my groceries, and face the next four years. T... ...d from the CD version of Come September.9 When I first-year wrote this paper, I wrote it as a presentation. I took this quote off of an article found on Lexis Nexis and did not mark down the info rmation. I have since been unable to find my print out or log on to Lexis Nexis, as it has to be through a university computer. A final version of this paper will include the citation. Sorry, folks.10 taken from Singhs query, available online at http//www.narmada.org/archive/tehelka/eh100200arundhati1.htm. Seen Works Cited for exculpate citation.11 Taken from Buntings article, available online at http//www.commondreams.org/views02/0307-01.htm. See Works Cited for complete citation.12 Taken from the interview with Howard Zinn following Come September. See first footnote.13 Taken from the interview following Come September. Please see first footnote. Inspiration of Arundhati Roy to an Activist Essays -- Activism Music November 2nd, 2004 was a difficult evening for me. Having helped stage protests against the invasion of Iraq, having urged friends to support the HRC and the struggle for gay marriage, it was difficult to watch the election returns come in, making it seem as though all I had done had been futile. One of the things that got me through was Arundhati Roys CD, Come September, which Id left in my cars CD player. Driving home from the grocery store I heard her read an excerpt of her article, The End of Imagination, in which she offers a skeptical friend another way of dreaming The only dream worth having, I told her, is to dream that you will live while youre alive and die only when youre dead. Which means exactly what? she asked, a little annoyed. I tried to explain, but didnt do a very good job of it. Sometimes I need to write to think. So I wrote it down for her on a paper napkin. This is what I wrote To love. To be loved. To never forget your own insignificance. To never get used to the unspeakable violence and vulgar disparity of life around you. To seek joy in the saddest places. To pursue beauty to its lair. To never simplify what is complicated or complicate what is simple. To respect strength, never power. Above all , to watch. To try and understand. To never look away. And never, never to forget.1 When I think about it, the words are rather trite, easily imaginable within a pop song or a greeting card. These words, however, were being spoken by Arundhati Roy, and in the car I, like many others who have drawn inspiration from her words, from Howard Zinn, to Judith Butler, to Ani DiFranco, felt a little more able to go back in my house, unpack my groceries, and face the next four years. T... ...d from the CD version of Come September.9 When I first wrote this paper, I wrote it as a presentation. I took this quote off of an article found on Lexis Nexis and did not mark down the information. I have since been unable to find my print out or log on to Lexis Nexis, as it has to be through a university computer. A final version of this paper will include the citation. Sorry, folks.10 Taken from Singhs interview, available online at http//www.narmada.org/archive/tehelka/eh100200arundhati1.htm. Seen Works Cited for complete citation.11 Taken from Buntings article, available online at http//www.commondreams.org/views02/0307-01.htm. See Works Cited for complete citation.12 Taken from the interview with Howard Zinn following Come September. See first footnote.13 Taken from the interview following Come September. Please see first footnote.

Inspiration of Arundhati Roy to an Activist Essays -- Activism Music

November 2nd, 2004 was a uncorrectable evening for me. Having helped stage protests against the invasion of Iraq, having urged friends to support the HRC and the struggle for gay marriage, it was difficult to watch the election returns progress in, making it seem as though all I had done had been futile. One of the things that got me through was Arundhati Roys CD, Come September, which Id left in my cars CD player. Driving home from the grocery store I heard her read an excerpt of her article, The death of Imagination, in which she impinge oners a atheistic friend another way of dreaming The only dream worth having, I told her, is to dream that you will live magic spell youre alive and run low only when youre dead. Which means exactly what? she asked, a little annoyed. I tried to explain, but didnt do a very good gambol of it. Sometimes I need to write to think. So I wrote it d birth for her on a paper napkin. This is what I wrote To love. To be loved. To neer for get your own insignificance. To never get used to the unspeakable violence and vulgar disparity of life around you. To seek joy in the saddest places. To pursue beauty to its lair. To never simplify what is complicated or complicate what is simple. To respect strength, never power. Above all, to watch. To try and understand. To never look away. And never, never to forget.1 When I think ab bring out it, the address are rather trite, easily imaginable within a pop song or a greeting card. These words, however, were creation spoken by Arundhati Roy, and in the car I, like many others who have drawn inspiration from her words, from Howard Zinn, to Judith Butler, to Ani DiFranco, felt a little more able to go back in my house, draw out my groceries, and face the next four years. T... ...d from the CD version of Come September.9 When I setoff wrote this paper, I wrote it as a presentation. I took this quote off of an article found on Lexis Nexis and did not mark down the infor mation. I have since been unable to find my print out or log on to Lexis Nexis, as it has to be through a university computer. A final version of this paper will include the citation. Sorry, folks.10 taken from Singhs converse, available online at http//www.narmada.org/archive/tehelka/eh100200arundhati1.htm. Seen Works Cited for perfect(a) citation.11 Taken from Buntings article, available online at http//www.commondreams.org/views02/0307-01.htm. See Works Cited for complete citation.12 Taken from the interview with Howard Zinn following Come September. See first footnote.13 Taken from the interview following Come September. Please see first footnote. Inspiration of Arundhati Roy to an Activist Essays -- Activism Music November 2nd, 2004 was a difficult evening for me. Having helped stage protests against the invasion of Iraq, having urged friends to support the HRC and the struggle for gay marriage, it was difficult to watch the election returns come in, mak ing it seem as though all I had done had been futile. One of the things that got me through was Arundhati Roys CD, Come September, which Id left in my cars CD player. Driving home from the grocery store I heard her read an excerpt of her article, The End of Imagination, in which she offers a skeptical friend another way of dreaming The only dream worth having, I told her, is to dream that you will live while youre alive and die only when youre dead. Which means exactly what? she asked, a little annoyed. I tried to explain, but didnt do a very good job of it. Sometimes I need to write to think. So I wrote it down for her on a paper napkin. This is what I wrote To love. To be loved. To never forget your own insignificance. To never get used to the unspeakable violence and vulgar disparity of life around you. To seek joy in the saddest places. To pursue beauty to its lair. To never simplify what is complicated or complicate what is simple. To respect strength, never power. Above all, to watch. To try and understand. To never look away. And never, never to forget.1 When I think about it, the words are rather trite, easily imaginable within a pop song or a greeting card. These words, however, were being spoken by Arundhati Roy, and in the car I, like many others who have drawn inspiration from her words, from Howard Zinn, to Judith Butler, to Ani DiFranco, felt a little more able to go back in my house, unpack my groceries, and face the next four years. T... ...d from the CD version of Come September.9 When I first wrote this paper, I wrote it as a presentation. I took this quote off of an article found on Lexis Nexis and did not mark down the information. I have since been unable to find my print out or log on to Lexis Nexis, as it has to be through a university computer. A final version of this paper will include the citation. Sorry, folks.10 Taken from Singhs interview, available online at http//www.narmada.org/archive/tehelka/eh100200arundhati1.ht m. Seen Works Cited for complete citation.11 Taken from Buntings article, available online at http//www.commondreams.org/views02/0307-01.htm. See Works Cited for complete citation.12 Taken from the interview with Howard Zinn following Come September. See first footnote.13 Taken from the interview following Come September. Please see first footnote.

Research Proposal Essay

IntroductionAdolescent cognitive content demoralise in Virginia is below the national honest according to a convey for the division of Adolescent wellness with the Department of Health & Human Services (2011) teens in grades 9-12 disclosed usage of alcohol at a order of 18 portion comp bed to 20 percent of the national average for having drank more than a few sips before they were 13 years old. For Marijuana the rate was 32 percent of postgraduate work immemorial insipids have employ marijuana in their lifetime and that is also below the national average of 40 percent. Inhalant usage was 10 percent with a national average of 11 percent, cocaine was listed at 3 percent directly coinciding with the national rate and lastly nonmedical function of pain relievers was 7 percent higher than the national percentage of 6 percent (Department of Health & Human Services Office of Adolescent Health, 2011). Literature ReviewIt is no recondite that an item-by-items development begi ns deep down the environment he or she develops. However, questions begin to a alternate when matchless wonders how particular settings or environmental factors affect an individuals development and to which degree these factors restore ones life. Further investigation may be necessary when the stage of development of the individual beingness studied is considered. Adolescence is a unique and critical stage in the development of every human being and organizations such as the Adolescent Substance debauch Knowledge Base (ASK) suggest that substance use and abuse is at least an issue, if not a major problem facing many adolescents. correspond to ASK the most commonly used substances for adolescents age 12 to 17 are baccy, alcohol, and marijuana. The ASKwebsite supports that claim with the following statistics the national average age of commencement ceremony alcohol use is 15 years old, nationall(a)y 17.3% of y offhs have used tobacco in the past month, and the national averag e annual incidence rate for marijuana use among youths is 6.3% (http//www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/state-stats.html).A commonly held belief is that kindles or family factors can often predict the development of substance use and abuse by adolescents, one website even goes so far as to label parents the Anti-Drug (http//www.theantidrug.com). So what leads adolescents to develop a habit of using substances such as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and others? Do parent and family factors play a role in behavior of their adolescent sons and daughters? The purpose of this research project is to review the existing literature on agnate and family factors and the impact these factors have on predicting the development of teen substance use and abuse. Most research has been done in the area of parental communication and involvement in an adolescents life seeking to larn how parenting can influence an adolescents substance use or abuse in a positive or negative manner. For example, Farre ll and Kung (2000) utilized a trope of models to represent the relations between parenting course sessions, family structure, peer insistence, and drug use in a smack of 443 seventh grade students. It is important to note that this study was conducted in an urban area, in which many of the subjects were classified as being from low-income families, also a high percentage of those researched were of African American descent.Over half of the adolescents surveyed lived within an intact family or a family with a single parent and extended family members living in the same household. An interesting finding of this study was that peer pressure was more strongly related to drug use than was parenting. That being said, parenting practices were also found to subdue the relationship between peer pressure and substance use. This means that parenting can serve as a defensive factor in that children who receive decent parenting are better prepared to resist pressures from their peers to us e substances than those who do not receive adequate parenting. Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, and Hicks (2001) explored communication between parents and adolescents regarding alcohol and tobacco use with a national study of 537 adolescent and parent pairs. The researchers investigated what was discussed between parent and child and howthat communication impacted the adolescents behavior. This data was gathered via hollo contact on two separate occasions, with the second contact taking place one year after the initial contact.There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who smoked tended to talk more regularly about anti ingest rules than did parents who didnt smoke in comparison, parents who drank spoke less regularly about rules regarding alcohol use than those that didnt drink. The study truly produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and consequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had little in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental pattern was a much better predictor of an adolescents behavior. For example, parental smoking often led to adolescent tobacco and alcohol use, and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances (Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, & Hicks, 2001).Another study on the parent-adolescent relationship, this by Wood, Read, Mitchell, and Brand (2004), used mail surveys to contact 578 late-adolescent subjects in the summer before entering college to research parental and peer influences on their alcohol use. The study revealed that men drank nearly twice as much as women, and to negotiate for this known gender discrepancy the authors of the study considered gender in the equations used to calculate their final results. As was the effort with simi lar previous studies, this study revealed that peer influences such as offerings of alcohol and perceived norms were associated with unconstructive consequences as related to alcohol use. The study further back up prior research by confirming that parental behaviors, attitudes, and values correlate directly with late-adolescent alcohol use and problems, and that perceived parental disapproval was associated with lower levels of alcohol use.As the previously discussed research suggests, parental involvement in an adolescents life can significantly impact an adolescents attitudes and behaviors towards substance use and abuse. However, not all adolescents are fortunate enough to be brought up in environments where parental influences occupy a normal presence within their lives. It is important to consider the impacts of insufficient parenting or nontraditional parenting arrangementson adolescent substance use. Research QuestionWill the rate of teen substance abuse devolve if there is more family involvement within teen adolescence? HypothesisI hypothesize that the rate of teen substance abuse will decrease once there is parental involvement in an adolescents years of development Research DesignDepartment of Adolescent Health with the Department of Health & Human Services studied 361 individuals ages 14 to 17, all subjects came from two-parent and single parent families and were enlisted from within the Hampton Roads area in which the study was to be conducted or from clinical treatment programs in the area. The purpose of this study was to create parental involvement measurements applicable to a childs adolescent lifetime, to name adolescents who were for all practical purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcohol. Through the use of cross-sectional studies, researchers analysis data from questionnaires. try out StrategiesThe take method best used for th is research would be non-probability sampling because it opens the opportunity to specify the participants to be researched. This sampling method allows the researcher to create a handpicked research group of participants. Data Collection MethodQuestionnaireA random sample of 361, 14-17 year olds, stratified by sex and postcode sector, was drawn from the school registration database of Hampton Roads. Ethics committee approval was granted but required that names and addresses be passed to the researchers only after potential respondents had consented. Via their parents, all were sent an discipline sheet, questionnaire (to establish smoking status), consent form to be countersigned by a guardian, and a freepost return envelope. ResultsThrough the use and analysis of a questionnaire the researchers were able to determine that 75 of the adolescents studied were in situations withlow-parent involvement, which the researchers designated as the Neglect group. Those subjects not in the Neg lect group were labeled the Reference group. The most substantial observed unlikeness between the Neglect and Reference groups indicated that individuals in the Neglect group, those with less parental involvement in their lives, possessed a weaker ability to resist social pressure to substance abuse. DiscussionThese numbers show a rising usage of even younger teens beginning to indulge in substances. According to ask the average age of substance experimentation is 14. This study examined the effects of parents talking to children about substances versus those parents who do not. There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who smoked tended to converse more regularly about antismoking rules than did parents who didnt smoke in comparison, parents who drank spoke less regularly about rules regarding alcohol use than those that didnt drink. The study actually produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and co nsequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had little in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental modeling was a much better predictor of an adolescents behavior. For example, parental smoking often led to adolescent tobacco and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances. The purpose of this study was to create parental involvement measurements applicable to a childs adolescent lifetime, to differentiate adolescents who were for all practical purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcoholLimitationThe limitation that would effect this proposal would be the percent of honesty and integrity of the participants. Some participants may feel reluctant to tell the truth either due to fear of parents finding out substance use, or the fear of being labeled. This lack of honesty has a major effect on the data collected from the study. Also usingnon-probability sampling will result in limited generalizability of the findings. ImplicationsPractice Implications When I comes to training social workers on how to treat teens suffering from substance abuse, they have a great sense of which direction to demonstrate practice. Also allows social workers to understand the history as well at the trigger to initial substance use. Social workers are able to address adolescent clients from different system levels once they are aware of factors that lead teens to abuse substances. Profession As professionals, these findings help to guide practice in ways to better provide services to teens who suffer from substance abuse and to create preventative methods to keep teens from abusing even in the absence of parental guidance. Target Population These findings give teens an mind of how peer and parental influences play a major factor in their curiosity in substances Professional organic evolution As a professional, this research has given me a sense of direction when it comes to treating and dealing with teens who may suffer from substance abuse. Also gives me a better understanding of the history of teen substance abuse and how if occurs. Recommendations for Future ResearchIn future research, study recommend to offer aid, support, and services for those teens who are founded to be abusing or using substances. If challenges are met early, there is a greater chance of transforming these habits. The goal is to strengthen the community through service delivery.ReferencesClark, D., Thatcher, D., & Maisto, S. (2004). Adolescent neglect and alcohol use disorders in two-parent families. Child Maltreatment, 9(4), 357-370. Ennett, S., Bauman, K., Foshee, V., Pemberton, M., & Hicks, K. (2001). Parent-child communication about adolescent tobacco and alcohol use what do parents say and does it affect youth behavior? Journal of uniting and Family, 63(1), 48-62. Farrell, A., & Kung, E. (2000). The role of parents and peers in early adolescent substance use an examination of mediating and moderating effects. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(4), 509-528.Highlights of Study by State on callowness Drug Use. (2007). Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http//www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/state-stats.html Wood, M., Read, J., Mitchell, R., & Brand, N. (2004). Do parents still matter? Parent and peer influences on alcohol involvement among recent high school graduates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(1), 19-30.

Review of Russia’s Wasteful Attitude towards Oil Reserves

Russia has a high potency for energy copiousness do to its resource rich land. Russia is one of the most(prenominal) un frugalal manufacturers of energy due to misdirection of resources. This is partly because of the fact that Russia is so big that its public assumes that there will ever be more anoint to detect, so Russia is non efficient with what it has. This feature of Russia comes from the political orientation of mo cabbageary value relationships formed during Russias communist yesteryear. The Communist eras leaders rope their precedences on supplying the Soviet with military-industrial complex with inexpensive energy and natural stuffs, ( Goldman ) . This was done to maintain monetary values low to increase economic growing. The lineage is that these patterns are still portion of the substructure of Russia today. Russias ruin was that it had ab give away excessively many resources that attracted corruptness. Right after the Bolshevik Revolution Lenin determined that Russia s economic growing would be dependent on its ain energy potency. Lenins attempts went to make the State Electricity Development plan. This plan eventually include c all over colour and gas. Sepa range ministries within the plan led to direct the production and pricing of Russias energy and energy resources. This do the Soviet successful with energy, heretofore to the point of catching the US by agencies of bring forthing crude oil color in the 1970s. This was one of the ruins to subsequently Russia. When Russia was bring forthing that much crude oil it made it harder for future production. One of the instances is that they used excessively much H2O injection which caused an addition in oil extraction, exclusively created long term harm to Wellss that finally limited productiveness. This short term believing made Russia utilize up its huge resources, and will subsequently do jobs for the Russian economic system.Russia has ever been be by its landscape every bit much as by its political orientation and its concourse. You can non command what is under your undersoil, merely Russia is lucky vision to hold tonss of oil. This will impact many of the picks its leaders encounter made. Oil makes up approximately 20 per centum of Russia s economic system, 55 per centum of its export net incomes, and 40 per centum of its entire revenue enhancement grosss, ( Naim, Moises ) . In 2004 Russia had a 3rd of the worlds gas militias and was the 2nd largest oil exporter next to Saudi Arabia. europium is dependent on this since they get a tierce of their oil from Russia. Russias high dependance on oil has led it to hold many of the features of a Petro- solid ground. Think of an oil rich state, many are in the in-between E with some being in South America or Africa. retort Venezuela or a two-channel typical Middle eastern United Statesern state for an illustration. These states typically have weak establishments, a neglecting public service, and the wealth is in a hi gh concentration with the general public being in poorness. Russia has many of these features but non as extreme. The general populace of Russia is angered by the hapless per centum of the solid grounds currency from oil and widespread poorness. The job with a state being a Petro-state is that while it makes good gross, the money is in the custodies of those involved and people outside of the oil concern do non profit much at all. The ground for the bead of Russias laterality of oil in 2004 is from the new oil engineering that other states have developed. In the 1990s Russia made inventions in geographic expedition and boring that b jumpyt oil Fieldss into production that had non been bring forthing before. The Middle East is non virtually as stable which has led many companies to turn to Russia for concern. When a state with weak cheques and balances is flooded with gross from crude oil, a petro province is created. If the state is strongly democratic with a good populace sector so oil money will non interrupt the economic system such as the US. Petroleum money mixed with hapless public establishments created poorness and corruptness. States with high dependance on oil exports end up with a jobless, volatile economic growing. Crude oil creates money in exports but does non make many occupations which is the ground for the hapless distribution of wealth. There has non been a recorded Petro-state that has turned oil into prosperity for the bulk of its public. While Russia is so dependent on oil, merely two million of its 67 million workers are employed in the oil and gas industry. This big independency on oil causes Russias economic system to fluctuate with the monetary value of oil, normally known as manna from heaven flop rhythm. When making good the economic system will din, but it ever finally busts. Russia gets over half of its revenue enhancement grosss from the top 10 largest companies. This is two-channel typical of a Petro-state, which usually has a narrow revenue enhancement base. This causes corrupt authorities thanks to the concentration of revenue enhancement money in a few big companies. Since the companies make up a big per centum of the revenue enhancement gross, they have a larger pull in who gets elected. Guess who they want to acquire elected? They want whoever will profit the company more. This farther causes a larger difference in the spread of wealth because of big companies keeping on to the money and commanding the economic system. The job with nationalising the oil industry is that it causes province owned companies to pervert and command politicization and they can debase weak public establishments. Privatizing can besides be a job without a strong ordinances on its revenue enhancements. If this is non done a monopoly could interrupt out which would do greater jobs. Russia is fortunate that it has non yet go a complete Petro-state as of yet. It has a diverse economic system, although mostly dependent on oil, but it could be of usage to follow a strong democracy to assist with its political failing.Russias economic system is non known for being stable and strong. If this was non fearful plenty, the bead in the monetary value of oil is endangering Russia into a recession. The monetary value of rough oil reached its lowest point in four yr in October of 2014 ( Arutunyan 1 ) . There is a opportunity that Russia, who gets half of its gross Petroleum based exports, would lose one million millions due to the dispatchping rough oil monetary value, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . Russias economic system is so depended on oil that a mere five dollar loss per barrelful of rough oil would be Russia six billion dollars per twelvemonth in lost gross. The heavy monetary value of oil has caused Russias exchange rate to other currencies to drop by 20 per centum in the past twelvemonth. A good part of Russias economic problems have been caused by Western countenances over Russias engagement with Ukraine, and ende d up in countenances stoping Western funding assisting Russian companies, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . This might look like merely Russia is in problem, but due Russias economic dealingss with other states, the neglecting economic system could hold planetary effects. If Russias recognition goes down it could impact states in Europe and Asia that on a regular basis trade and rely on its economic stableness. This would be kindred to if China were to get down bear downing 50 per centum more for the goods it trades to America, so America would be in economic problem due to the fact that the US relies to a great extent upon China for its commerce. In the state of affairs of Russia, it is the worlds 8th largest economic system, so many other states depend upon it. If rough oil monetary values would drop to the point that oil dependant Russia goes into a recession, so a better portion of two continents would besides travel into recession.Russia usually exports in dollars and spends money in its ain c urrency, rubles. This means that the take downing value of rubles causes more rubles for every dollar received in oil gross, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . This twelvemonth, ( 2014 ) , we have made more than 1.5 trillion rubles ( $ 36.5 billion ) on the ruble s devaluation, ( Orlova ) . This consequence is non all good though, if the monetary value of oil does non lift the modify will run out. If oil monetary value continues to fall at the same rate, the negative consequence for the GDP will increase, If oil falls to $ 75 per barrel, we could lose up to 3 % of economic growing. That would slightly intensify the recession that s about to acquire underway. Alexander Golovtsov main analyst at capital of the Russian Federations UralSib Asset Management. Soviet union does hold clip to retrieve nevertheless, because of its big Reserve and National Welfare Fund. This will purchase clip for about another two old ages for the oil monetary values to come back up. There would be effects for utilizing modesty financess, one of them being keeping to cut military disbursement.

Children’s literature Essay

What is literature? writings is (a) imaginative or creative writing (b) distinguish writing, with deep sublime, horrible feelings. It includes oral tradition passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth (e. g. proverbs, myths, legends, epic, folk song, etc. ). Literature, as defined by the oxford, etc. , valued as works of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography) contrasted with technical books and journalism (2) all the writing of a country (French lit. ) or a period (18th Century English Lit.) (3) printed actual describing or advertising e. g. pamphlets (4) books dealing with special subjects, travel, poultry farming. Literature is an art expressing beauty through the medium of dustup a recreation through language of human situation and experiences, the orchestration of the manifold but elemental experiences of man blended into harmonious and desired patterns of expressions and a faithful reproduction of career punish in an artistic pattern (Del Prado). Wh y Study Literature?Literature leads to personal fulfilment and academic gains. Separating the values into personal and academic is an intellectual distinction, since two types benefit the students and are all proper parts of a students schooling. The distinction is useful, however, since teachers and librarians must often justify the benefits of literature in the schoolroom and find the academic benefits the most convincing ones for administrators and parents. Enjoyment The most important personal gain that good books offer to students is the most obvious one-enjoyment.Those of you who infer widely as students will never forget the stories that were so tragic that you almost cried out, some were so funny that you laughed out, the poem that was so lifting that you never forgot it, or the mystery that was so scary that your heart thumped with apprehension. Such positive early experience often leads to a lifetime of reading enjoyment. Imagination and Inspiration By eyesight the w orld around them in new ways and by considering ways of living other than their own, students increase their ability to think differently.Stories often map the divergent paths that our ancestors might fall in taken or that our descendants might someday take. Through the secondary experience of entering a different world from the hand over one, students develop their imaginations. In addition, stories about people, both real and imaginary, can inspire students to overcome obstacles, accept different perspectives, and formulate personal goals. The Academic Value of Literature to Student In addition to the personal benefits of literature for yong readers, there are several important academic benefits.Reading Many of you may have reached the common-sense certainty that reading ability, like any other skill, improves with practice. Many teachers and librarians believe that regular involvement with excellent and appropriate literature can foster language discipline to young people a nd can help them to learn to read and to value reading. Writing Since people tend to assimilate or adopt what they like of what they read and hear, young people may, by listening to and reading literature, begin to develop their own writing voice, or unique, personal writing style.By listening to and reading excellent literature, children are exposed to rich vocabulary and excellent writing styles, which serve as good models for their own speaking and writing voices. The science of a larger vocabulary through reading offers young writers a better word choice for their own stories. Devices found in books such as the use of dialect, dialogue, and precise descriptions are often assimilated into students own writing.Vicarious ExperienceWhen a story is convincing written that readers feel as though they have live through an experience or have actually been in the place and time where the story is set, the book have given them a vicarious experience. Experiences such as these are broade ning students to stories from many lands and cultures, teachers and libraries are building a solid foundation for multicultural and international understanding. Walking in person elses shoes often help students to develop a greater capacity to empathize with others.Students around the world can benefit from stories that explain what life is, for people who are restricted by handicaps, politics, or circumstances or whose lives are different from theirs because of culture or geography. Likewise, young readers of today can link on a more personal level with the events and people of history. Heritage Stories that are handed down from one generation to the next connect us to our past, to the roots of our specific cultures, national heritage, and general human condition. Stories are the repositories of culture.Knowing the tales, characters, expression, riddles, lullabies, songs, and adages that are part of our cultural heritage makes us culturally literate. Stories based on fact help yo ung people to gain a greater appreciation for what history is and for the people, both ordinary and extraordinary who made history. Art preference Illustration in some literature books (Childrens Literature) can be appreciated both for its ability to help tell the story (cognitive value) and for its value as art (aesthetic value).Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the enjoyment and understanding of the story. For this reason, illustrations in picture books are said to be intact to the story. The illustration in picture books provides actual plot or concept information as well as clues to character traits, settings, and moods. Without the illustrations, therefore these books would be diminished, and in some case the story would make no sense or would be nonexistent.

How Technology affects business Essay

1.0 IntroductionTechnology is an improvement over what was available in the past. People and organizations often seek engineering because it eases tasks and facilitates action. With the appropriate engineering, complex tasks ar simplified. Man has used engineering to achieve previously insurmountable tasks walk on the moon create test thermionic tube babies treat life threatening diseases predict weather send selective information across the world in seconds, etc. butt Behrsin and Bill Twibill emphasize the grandness of engineering science in production line when they write that,Visionaries such as retail giant Wal-Mart and shipment pi stargonr FedEx have used engineering not totally to solve logistical problems, scarce to seize new opportunities, open new channels to market and create new business models they have forced their competitors to adopt. Wal-Mart looked to engineering science to improve supply chain management and steal a competitive edge. FedEx looked to the op portunities engineering offered to manage the extent of its growth without finding a way to automatize business processes. At the time its SuperTracker application cost a massive $100 million to develop solely the investment has paid off many times over (4).The evolution of engineering often accompanies the invention of machinery which is used to accomplish the required task. For instance, advances in information technology and communication have brought to the highest degree mobile phones, which ar a departure from the fixed lines in the past which are connected by wires. Charles F. MacCormack recalls that,In terms of people impact, technology has fundamentally changed the way we do business. Fifteen years ago, communications with our field organization was a matter of faxes at best, and more often mail couriers. An exchange of information could literally dispatch weeks to complete Now we use email, voice and video conferencing to communicate in minutes (1).In recent years, th ere have been advances in various aspects of technology. However, it is meaning(a) to state that while technology is often applauded for its many benefits, the phenomenon after part withal adversely affect businesses. This paper explores this double sided nature of technology as it affects businesses.1.2 Thesis statementTechnology is important to human beings across the world because of the many benefits which it presents. In many ways, technology has been used to solve problems approach people in various societies. This paper examines the effect of technology on businesses. If it is obvious that technology brings a world of good to the various businesses which people are involved in, what are the problems created by technology? In other words, this paper also explores the ways in which technology adversely affects businesses.1.3 Benefits of technology in businessSpeedIn the first place technology is beneficial to business because it speeds up the production process. Speed is ne cessary in business because, when there are more products in a short period of time, profit is maximized. In the printing of newspapers, high speed machines are required to ensure that mass production of the newspapers is attained in the short space of time within which the newspapers are needed. This applies to all other businesses where products need to be produced or assembled for sale. Machinery is important. In bakeries as well up, technology is essential because human labor is avoided because of its inefficiency and much of the work is automated. In this case, the automation by machines also ensures that hygiene. The efficiency of machines cannot be overemphasized at this point. When compared to human labor, machines offer a higher level of efficiency. With the appropriate technology in a bakery, machines can produce more loaves of bread than human effort.EfficiencyApart from the production process, technology also ensures speed in another dimension. In service delivery, vend ing machines are important because they serve members of the public promptly and avoid the build up of queues. Take the ordinary coffee vending machine. It would take a coarseer time if people were served by a waitress. However, the coffee vending machine accepts hard currency and provides the service at the touch of a button. Vending machines are found in banks, under ground train stations, shopping malls, etc. Also, it is important to communication channel that Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are an important technology that is very useful in the banking assiduity. These ATM have eased the stressed placed on banks by its teeming customers. With the use of ATM, bank customers can enjoy hassle free self service. They only need the attention of bank staff when they have a problem with the machine or if errors are generated by the machine. The technology of the ATM has enabled banks cope with the work load and ensure that they are able to achieve more in a short period of time. In this way B. Ives and S. L. Jarvenpaa note that technology serves to expand business because with the appropriate technology they are able to take more orders and cope with more customers.CompetitionAs businesses strive to beat their rivals and competitors, the technology used by these businesses is often a yardstick for determining leadership in the industry. Take the software industry for instance. Around the world, Microsoft is a leader in the industry because it has the technology that has made it stay there. Technology is also important in the health industry. Due to specialization, some hospitals and research centers are renowned for the diagnosis and treatment of some specific diseases. They are leaders in the industry because they have the technology to do so. J. Bakos and M. E. Treacy insist that technology is useful to businesses as they build their competitive strategy.Industry leaders and secrecyIn business, the technology which enables one company stay in the lead and above other competitors is often a well kept secret. This company will never share that technology with others because it will loose its position as a leader in the industry. In medicine, the patents for the manufacture of certain drugs are owned by certain pharmaceutic companies and they are not will to give it out. Sound technology gives businesses an edge over competitors in the industry.Across bordersAdvances in information technology have ensured that businesses are no longer confined to particular countries but are given a chance to be heard across the world. In the light of this, businesses can extend their boundaries to other countries of the world. Furthermore, banks too have taken advantage of information technology by establishing a network of their branches around the world. This facilitates transfers within the bank and also with other banks in the world. Information technology also facilitates electronic commerce, where people can shop on the internet and have the good s sent to them in the post. This is a faceless transaction. In a study, Steve MacFeely and Caitriona Obrien find that the productivity of firms that have e-mail and a website is higher than those who do not. The foreign exchange market as well as the stock market also benefits from information technology. Today traders in various parts of the world can trade it stock and bonds from their com regularizeers in whatsoever part of the world because they are connected to the Internet.1.4 Dysfunctions of technology on businessRedundantTechnology poses a number of threats to businesses. As a dynamic concept, technology is always changing and improving. In various aspects of human endeavor, there is always a drive to find new methods. When this new technology is developed and put into use, it renders the previous technology redundant and this has far reaching implications on business enterprises which use the outdated technology. In the first place, these businesses face the challenge of c atching up with the current technology. This involves a lot of cost. Secondly, the businesses using outmoded technology will loose customers because the newer technology will definitely be more efficient. In the long run the profit of the business will dwindle. The photography business is an example of this phenomenon. With the introduction of digital photography which ensure instant printing of photographs, old methods of photography have become very unpopular.Extra costTechnology places extra cost on businesses. With the introduction of technology, businesses which want to keep abreast with it need to hap money to train staff on the use of the new technology. Technology often requires special training. The other alternative is to employ professionals who are versed in the processes of the new technology. Employing these kinds of professionals also places a strain on the resources of the business. Businesses that want to stay afloat need to keep up with the trends in the industry and this is one of such- but it has severe cost implications.UnemploymentTechnology often causes drastic change and cause unemployment. With appropriate machines occasioned by technology, many employees are laid off work. This was a bluster of the industrial revolution. However, the same situation applies here with the introduction of new technology. The entire idea of technology is to improve production using machines that minimize cost but in the end maximize profit. Also, there is the notion of novelty attached to technology. Thus the inefficiency associated with human labor is eliminated.Service deliveryIn some cases technology is not able to deliver the benefits which are expected. Managers in various organizations may have high expectation of technology. However, it is not able to delive in many cases. Mark Behrsin and Bill Twibill write that,It is translateable that businesses have come to distrust technology. There are almost constant reports detailing the number of techno logy -related projects that have failed to tinct expectations. Recent research from KPMG suggests that 56 percent of publicly-listed firms have had to write off at least one technology project in the last louvre years as a failure (4).1.5 ConclusionTechnology is essential in business but it presents some problems to businesses as well. When managers in various organizations understand these dynamics, they will succeed in their various endeavors.

Embedding and Extracting of Secret Data

BLOCK DIAGRAM3.1 TRANSMITTER SectionIn Transmitter weapon system there be 3 sectionalisationcom/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.001.png/Figure 1 The block diagram Transmitter subdivisionIn Transmitter subdivision there are 3 partsInput concealing visualizesEncoder subdivisionOutput Stego ImageThe inter image used for the proposed strategy to be taken as an input Original screen Image which is used for implanting sequestered informations in it.Encoder unit is composed of Generation map and sneaking(a) keys. Encoder determines whether it is smooth country or edged country depending upon the threshold value. In smooth country little figure of descry implanting compared to inch country.Finally at the sender subdivision Stego image is generated which is a combination of secret keys and screen images.3.2 RECEIVER SectionFigure 2 The block diagram Receiver subdivisionIn Receiver subdivision there are 3 partsInput Stego ImagesDecoder subdivisionOutput Cover ImageThe Stego Image is take n as an input to the receiver side. The Stego image is decoded right by utilizing secret keys and coevals map to obtain the screen image.The secret keys used in both the sender and receiver side are same. Pixels in the border countries are embedded by Q-bit of secret informations with a larger value of Q than that of pixels placed in smooth countries.Chapter 4PROJECT METHODOLOGY4.1The proposed accom stylishative strategyThere are five secret keys viz. R1, R2, v1, v2, T and 1 6 v1, 1 6 v2, ( v1 + v2 ) &038 lt 6. The mean different values of a four-pixel block are utilized to sort the block as a smooth country or an edge country. The scope of mean different value is partitioned into two different degrees, smooth degree and border degree. Q-bit of the secret information is embedded in Pixels located in the block, where Q is decided by the degree in which the norm different values belong to. In the implanting summons of secret informations, harmonizing to the secret keys v1 and v2, the smooth degree will utilize lower value v1 while the border degree uses greater value v1 + v2. The information embedding social function is given in Section 2.1.1 and the evinceing stage is described in Section 2.1.2.2.1.1. The implanting stage in proposed adaptative methodThe original image is separated into non- co-occur four-pixel blocks. For each block, there are four neighboring pels Pi, j Pi, j+1 Pi+1, j Pi+1, j+1 and their corresponding grey values are y0, y1, y2, y3, severally.The undermentioned flow rate chart shows elaborate working of implanting stage in proposed adaptative strategyThe elaborate embedding stairss are as follows. cadency 1Generate Two sets Kr and Kc utilizing threshold Hr ( R1, v1 ) and Hc ( R2, v2 ) , severally. Via sets Kr and Kc form a discrepancy of a Cartesian sell viz. , Kr _ Kc. Set Kr _ Kc generates an ordered set of combinations of Kr and Kc with 2v1 2v2 = 2v1+v2 elements ( Eq. ( 1 ) ) .Kr*Kc = KriaaKcja , Kri Kr, Kcj Kc, i=1,2,3 .=1, 2, 3 ... ( 1 ) esteem 2Calculate the mean difference value D, Which is determined by . ( 2 )Where ymin is ymin=min y0, y1, y2, y3 Measure 3Using room access T and D find smooth block, border block and mistake block.i.e.a ) If D &038 lt =T, D belongs to Smooth block.B ) If D &038 gt T, D belongs to Edge block.degree Celsius ) If D &038 lt =T and ( ymax- ymin ) &038 gt 2*T+2, D belongs to Error block.Measure 4Repeat measure 3 for full imageMeasure 5Capacity= ( ( border block* ( v1+v2 ) ) + smooth block*v1 ) ) *4Measure 6For smooth block obtain I utilizing Kr &038 A Secret informations and findd .For border block d=? ( i-1 ) +j . ( 3 )For smooth block d= I .. ( 4 )Measure 7Create pel group utilizing n=2Q .degree Fahrenheit ( Lolo ) =yi mod n+1 . ( 5 )Measure 8Using pel group embed the Secrets spotsMeasure 9If No Of Secret Data=Capacity, survive to step 10 else measure 6.Measure 10 gull mistake cut downing process for minimising perceptual deformation between screen &038 A stego image.Example Assume we fork out a block part with 4 neighboring pel values ( 210, 237, 198, and 183 ) , and the secret information informations for implanting in original image are 10010101110000111010 .Suppose v1 = 2, v2 = 3, R1 = 257, R2 = 36 and T = 25. Here for the first time coevals map Kr= 000,100,010,011,001,110,101,111 is created by utilizing Hr ( R1, V1 ) i.e. Hr ( 257,2 ) and 2nd coevals map Kc = 01,11,10,00 is generated by utilizing Hc ( R2, V2 ) i.e. Hc ( 36,3 ) , after that by utilizing equation ( 2 ) calculate the mean different value D = ( 96/3 ) =32 which is greater than threshold value T, so the present block has been positioned in border country and is embedded Q = 5 Numberss of spots of secret informations in each peculiar pel. Hence, sum entire 4 * 5 = 20 spots are embedded in given block.Here for first pel into the block, e.g. y0 = 210, the initial part of secret informations 10010 is split into the two sub-strings 100 and 10 . Then, we counten ance one = 2 and j = 3 because the 6th constituent of Kr is 100 and 4th constituent of Kc is 10 .Harmonizing to equation ( 3 ) , we countd utilizing 8 * ( 21 ) +3 = 11.After that, the pel group G is formed for the pel value y0 = 210 with n == 32. Here g 19= 210. Finally, the stego-pixel y0 can be hand from the dth component of G, i.e. y0 = g24 = 202. Likewise we can happen leftover stego-pixel y1 = 249, y2 = 201, y3 = 185 and therefore stego-block ( 202,249,201,185 ) is achieved. After using readjusts process we get concluding stego-block ( 202, 241, 201, and 185 ) .2.1.2The pull outing stage in proposed adaptative strategyLike the implanting procedure, Partition the stego-image into four-pixel blocks.The undermentioned flow chart for pull outing informations from stego image in proposed adaptative strategy explains elaborate working flowThe undermentioned stairss are executed to pull out the secret information.Measure 1 Input signal Stego Image, Secret keys R1, R2, v1, v2, TStep2 Generate Kr &038 A Kc Using R1, R2, v1, v2Step3 Initialize i=0 &038 A j=0Measure 4 if I &038 lt =M &038 A j &038 lt =N, travel to step 5 else halt.Measure 5 Calculate Average Diff D utilizing combining weight. ( 2 )Measure 6 Exploitation Threshold T and D find smoothblock, Edge block and mistake block.i.e.a ) If D &038 lt =T, D belongs to Smooth block.B ) If D &038 gt T, D belongs to Edge block.degree Celsius ) If D &038 lt =T and ( ymax-ymin ) &038 gt 2*T+2, Dbelongs to Error block.Measure 7 Create pel group utilizing n=2Q anddegree Fahrenheit ( Lolo ) =yi mod n+1Measure 8 Determine place informationd .Measure 9 Fromd extract secret informations.ExampleFor case, we extract the implanting illustration ( 151, 88, 193, and 133 ) , which is shown in the before subdivision. Assume v1 = 2, v2 = 3, R1 = 257, R2 = 36 and T = 25. The coevals map Kr = 001, 110,101,010,111,100,011,000 is formed by utilizing Hr ( R1, V1 ) i.e. Hr ( 257,2 ) and Kc = 00,10,11,01 by utilizing Hc ( R 2, V2 ) i.e. ( 36,3 ) are produced.Here D &038 gt T, hence this block is placed in edge country and hence Q = v1 + v2 = 3 + 2 = 5 spots have embedded into each Pixel in the block. In present block sum, 4 5 = 20 spots are embedded. Let us regain 3rd pel into the block ( e.g. y 2 = 202 ) . The pel group G is created for value 202 via Eq. ( 5 ) With n = 32.We create the variant Cartesian mathematical product Kr _ Kc, which is value 202 with n = 22+3= 32. The place of stego-pixel 202 in G is 1, because vitamin D = ( 202 mod 32 ) + 1 = 3. The piece of binary secret informations 00001 can be extracted because 00001 is the 3rd constituent of Kr _ Kc.In the same manner, has extracted the secret information subdivision 10010 for Y0, 10111 for Y1and 11010 for Y3. Finally we achieve 10010101110000111010 which is the similar secret information informations in the implanting illustration of before subdivision.

Sonys Business Strategy In The Global Environment Commerce Essay

Since 1946, Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita founded Sony as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp in Tokyo. The play along commenced researching with 20 employees with a budget lower than 200,000 hankerings. The party was fabricating telecommunication and legal communityment equipment. Within a twelvemonth, the commencement exercise merchandise was launched, a power megaphone. In 1950, the Japan s first tape evidenceing equipment was distri just nowed to a mart.When Sony eyes on conveying their w atomic number 18s to the international securities industry in the mid-1950s, it seemed to be a virgin name, at the interim, because the initials TTK were antecedently selected. The family combined its name from the Latin reciprocation for sound, sonus, and the Ameri go off word sonny . Regard to a distribute taging grounds, the company desired to hold a word that entrust non be found in any linguistic communication. Many inquiries came up from an internal harmonizing to the vicissitude because of the clip spent on implementing its former trade name known globally, but in 1958, the name was officially changed to Sony Corp. In 1960, Sony started out its U.S. subdivision, called SONAM ( Sony Corporation of America ) , known as SCA, and the first subdivision in the United Kingdom in eight old ages subsequently. First, the subdivision was named as Sony ( U.K. ) Ltd and was changed subsequently into Sony United Kingdom Ltd. The company spreads out into Spain and France in 1973 every turn of events right as in German in 1986.Sony has a long history of presenting engineerings. Sony novices, in 1950, the Japan s first transistor wireless, the TR-55. In a piece, the company released a minor transistor wireless. For a decennary, Sony released the universe s first direct-view portable Television, the TV8-301. The company persisted in developing the Television and in a twosome of old ages manufactured the tiniest all-transistor Television. In 1989, Sony released the Handycam, a portable, easy-to-use, 8 millimeter camcorder. Six old ages ago, the company brought the universe s first Blu-ray phonograph record participant into the amusement market. In 2005, Sony upgrades the Handycam to the senior high Definition Handycam, making the universe s smallest picture camera.The Walkman is the leader merchandise from Sony forcing the SONY trade name to the top. The first mutant was launched in 1979. The little, lightweight portable tape participant revolutionized the manner the great unwashed listened to music. It besides allowed persons to do music truly personal by utilizing earphones. In 1984, Sony released the Discman, the company s first portable Cadmium participant.Since March 2009, Sony employed much than 171,300 people. The one-year gross of company in 2009 was about $ 8 trillion, with about $ 1.5 billion in net income. They remain headquartered in Tokyo and have about 100 attached companies outside Japan.Particular Critical Incident of So nySony has got assorted retail mercenary establishments around the World which ensures a uninterrupted supply of merchandises to the clients. However, from these retail mercantile establishments there are a batch of rivals such(prenominal) as Motorola which produce analogous merchandises and use the same mercantile establishments to do the merchandises reach the consumers. Due to this there is a demand for Sony to come up with objects which can do them win oer their rivals merchandises. For illustration in the late 1990 s Sony lost its leading sic in close of its markets merely because of improper contrivances. There are assorted grounds which led to this also-ran and they are farther discussed and supported by assorted aims here under Mintzberg SchoolsHarmonizing to Mintzberg et Al ( 1998 ) there are 10 evasions which when divided into trinity groups can be applicable in transporting out strategic direction summons. The three groups are normative, Descriptive and Configu ration. Prescriptive describes how schemes should be made instead than how schemes are formulated descriptive describes assorted agencys involved in the formation of scheme and constellation includes description of both descriptive and constellation. For a company s scheme to work best in a given link environment, it has to throw in and expend a mix of schemes.As referred to the instance survey, the failure of Sony to take in close to of its market would hold been solved by looking as to whether the scheme behind the company was working or non. The company taking place in the market would hold worked on the longer footings by placing three Mintzberg schemes of entrepreneurial, cognitive every bit good as Power schools.The entrepreneurial school focal points on cognition and intuition which directors need to be cognizant of, in the procedure of transporting out their managerial activities ( Betz, 2002 ) . The success of any scheme is generally based on director s vision, perso nal intuition, judgements, experience and wisdom. As referred to the instance survey, one of the ways which seemed to be solution to refer Sony was to replace the bing point administrator officer at that clip and Howard Stringer took over the company as a new Chief executive officer in 2005.Stringer was able to resuscitate the company through efficiency and re governing which made different section collaborating together to follow up a common end.Another feature of scheme which require to be seen at Sony Company is the cognitive schools which focus on strategian head. Harmonizing to Ginder at Al. 2002, scheme depends on single s apprehension and how that single manages the study used to develop the scheme.The doomed of Sony s leading place was due to failures of strategians to acknowledge the growing of new engineerings. This means the strategians did non hold adequate information related to market environment. This information would hold been obtained through beat analysis a nd could assist directors devise the company s schemes efficaciously.Power School as another Mintzberg scheme focuses on power relationships of where the scheme is created. The power school requires of import characters in the organisation to dicker persuade and comfort each other in the procedure of scheme preparation. ( Betz, 2002 ) commented on his survey that scheme can be used as a tool of doing partnerships.Having a new CEO, Howard Stringer Sony reported a press release which was caused by failure of the company to convey up advanced merchandises. The new CEO and directors of the company fail to look into alterations go oning in the competitory concern environment, and hence the alterations brought loss to the company sometimes subsequently.WhittingtonWhittington s theory of scheme focal points on four schools of classical, evolutionary, processual and systemic. The school which relate to Sony Company is evolutionary theory.Harmonizing to Doty et Al ( 1993 ) the evolutionary school focal points on the environment as the chief factor instead than rational barrage suggested by other schools. The Evolutionary attack believes that organisational environment is the biggest factor in the preparation of concern scheme therefore the preparation of scheme must be reflected to the environment since it is unpredictable and mutable. In accessary to that the theory supports on emphasizing that net income maximization is determined by markets and non directors. Whittington concludes that rational attacks can non find the endurance of houses in the selling environment but it is development which determines it. In development, opposition is overcome by the battle and endurance of the house from which the rule of natural choice is translated into the scheme for the best public presentation.Sony failure to be a leader in the planetary market can be linked to the evolutionary school due to miss of market information. Bing a leader in the market, top direction was dep endd to be cognizant of the conditions predominating in the market including wile and technological promotion which could assist the company lapse its leading place.On the other baseball glove, when the new CEO, Mr. Stringer took over the company he seemed to be less concern with the environment alternatively he focused on reorganisation. The sections in the company functioned independently and made the CEO to see it as a chief cause of the company s failure to globalise. The Chief executive officer was supposed to look at what the company is bring forthing and do comparing with the merchandises available in the selling environment to keep the leading place of the company.Successful organisations are those that most efficaciously interact with their environments ( Hambrick 1982, Pfeffer and Salancik 1978 ) . Organizational Performance is dependent on the organisation s ability to aline or see to it its schemes, verbal expressions, and processes to its environment. Alignment dep ends on the organisation s ability to obtain relevant information about its current and future environment. Environmental scanning is the procedure by which an organisation collects environmental information, which is utilized in its strategic direction procedure.Therefore to be a leader and go success in its planetary markets it was suppose to scan its environment and any information obtained should be incorporated into the company s scheme every bit good as constructions and procedures within the company. while making that, the top direction has to do plastered that information is shared among assorted members of the company chiefly between the sections.Corporate CEO is a single(a) whose determinations take the company in the coveted way. Most of the CEOS are leaders in the environmental motion. It is clip to acknowledge that their committedness is critical to success. The universe stinting system is now propelled by venture capital and proficient invention.Barney s ( 1991 ) sa ys that organisational resources are said to be embedded in the organisation, squad based, and capable to causative ambiguity. Such capablenesss are besides really much in line with the modus operandis . Here we focus on managerial accomplishments at perishning the concern or a portion of the concern. The success of the Sony, at the beggary was good known but later on the company experienced losingss merely because of its hapless organisational construction in which sections maps independently from each other. The results indicated that segmented and isolated work to team-based operations is important to organisational market leading. Organizations operations should be carried out in line with trade union movement forces for short-run job resolution exercisings, and with cross-functional and cross-hierarchical squads to accomplish longer-term aims and specific undertakings of an ongoing nature. Moss Kanter ( 1983 ) argues that such squad mechanisms promote the circulation of re sources, information and support.The tendency, hence, has been off from segmented and isolated constructions with small communicating and interaction between countries and different degrees, to a state of affairs where interaction and integrating are seen as being indispensable to operations. No longer do functional countries concentrate merely on their ain undertakings. Now they are made cognizant of the work of other countries and how they can be of aid to them. interaction through squads and webs ensures that the wider image of the organisation is understood. Team-based work ensures a more flexible and adaptable attack to work makes possible the wider exercising of liberty and duty, gives rise to increase interaction, communicating and information flows, and makes work more gratifying for those involved.Strategic DecisionsGlobally, SONY is perceived as the trade name whose merchandises are of high quality, with the presence of rivals the company has to do certain that it has a t ool of competitory advantage in order to get the better of the approaching rivals and get large market portion. In order to accomplish the planetary aspirations the company has to see the following cardinal strategic determination Harmonizing to Gupta and Govidarajan ( 2001 ) , any company wishing to function its markets globally will hold to do four nucleus determinations refering The markets the company wishes to runThe merchandises to vie in the planetary marketThe manner of come ining the marketTime/speed of entryPlague analysisOn the other manus SONY Company has to utilize PEST analysis to obtain the necessary information which helps the company to analyse and measure the competition it is confronting. PEST analysis involves Political forces such asGovernment policies and statute lawPolitical stablenessPublic involvement groups ( consumer watchdogs )Economic forces such asExchange ratesInflation genial forces such asChanges in life style ( faster gait of life taking to a deman d in products/services which enable people to make things more rapidly and handily )Manner and tendenciesTechnological forces such asFast gait of technological alterationResearch and development ( a demand for increased budgets to maintain measure with the gait of technological alteration )Opportunities for inventionThe cost of engineering ( reducing/increasing )Increased ordinance ( wellness and safety facets of new merchandises )SWOT analysisBesides Sony s SWOT analysis is one of the schemes which the company will hold to do in order to achieve its planetary aspirations. SWOT analysis will assist the company to fit its strength and failings a seest chances and menaces available in the environment in which the company operates.Strengths for illustration skilled work force, good systems and strong trade nameFailings for illustration unequal resources, high cost base and decelerate internal determinations.Opportunities for illustration dining frugal system and classy merchandiseMen aces for illustration Global competition and fabrication repute.Porter s five forcesIn add-on to that the SONY Company has to utilize Porter s five forces analysis as a competitory scheme which postulates the impact that other organisations pose on the company. Porter s five forces include raw entrants, Sony s planetary aspirations and High cost of entry to organize a barrier to entry rivals.Features of replacement merchandises as to whether they are, Cheaper, Different and betterExisting participants chiefly competition within the industry such as Apple and Samsung.Suppliers Supplier concentration, Bargaining power, Supplier extension every bit good as Fixed/variable cost. nodes Buyer concentration, Customer trueness, Switch overing costs and Buyer motivations.Porter s DiamondIn order Sony to accomplish its planetary aspirations, it must be prepared to get the better of strong competition in the planetary electronics concern market. Porter s diamond theory concludes that the s tate in which the organisation is based can strongly impact the organisation. Harmonizing to Johnson et Al. 2006, the state in which the organisation is based can assist in making a tool of competitory advantage by supplying factors from which the organisation can explicate the advantages. The factors include factor conditions, demand conditions, house s scheme, construction and competition and related and corroborate uping industries.Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File The_Porter_Diamond.svgThe Porter s DiamondOrganization s can derive competitiveness utilizing four factors presented in the Porter s diamond scheme ( Matsuyama and Vanderbrink, 2003 ) . The conditions bing in the local environment clime and policies can be tracked utilizing the house s scheme, construction every bit good as competition. Information about competition and local market put to work can be collected utilizing demand conditions.If related to Sony Company, the lone factor co nditions, which will assist to make competitory advantage, are invention and engineering betterments. Having produced assortments of electronics merchandises, invention will do the company to come up with new, good differentiated merchandises and quality merchandises. In order to accomplish its planetary aspirations Sony Company can utilize merchandise development scheme to ease its advanced patterns.Merchandise developmentNew merchandises in current markets this may intend perfectly new merchandises or loops of other merchandises to do them more suited to the known market. The benefit to the administration is if the new merchandises are successful, the cost of marketing a broader scope of merchandises to the market is less in relation to the larger grosss generated. The hazard involved here is that new merchandises can hold a high failure rate.Execution Challenges in the Global MarketMichael, J. ( 1999 ) International relation of production negociate either by the market through internal minutess of the transnational corporation ( MNCs ) , are distributing quickly to the most parts of the universe.Porter, E ( 1998 ) Trade liberalisation has brought competition among enterprisers in the universe, as consequence invention remained the cardinal arm for concern to last within a market. However, alteration within an organisation is a measure frontward toward to acknowledgment of a concern menace.Menace of concern can be internal or external, whichever manner, Koontz and ODonnell ( 1984 ) Contributed on the issue of direction within an organisation Five countries were identified which makes directors to be proactive in their public presentations an compulsion with reactivity of clients, invention in all countries of the house, partnership means sharing across stakeholders and derive connexion with all people around organisation Harmonizing to the academic school, the Kurt lewin alteration was assumed to be a necessary within the organisation if at all a comp any mean to convey alteration. However, Howard Stringer ( CEO ) of Sony Company has made some necessary alterations into Sony Company, which lead to some sensible alterationThe jobFrom The company safe analyst major job for Sony was a awkwardness of oversing its merchandise. This job was associated with company civilization which prevented sharing information among other section.When main executive of Sony Company came to gain the job, new scheme was implemented to decide a job. The jobs were solved, but the major 1 was to reconstitute the whole administration. February 2009, in one of ( CEO ) his critical addresss he said There is still a batch of the old Sony, and non plenty of the new which constraints our fight . Haward Stringer saidMintzberg et Al ( 1998 ) the school theoretical account scheme prognosis to do certain that internal and external capableness are step. This means a scheme should be planed diligently from the top to the underside of the administration, by specify ing the major obstruction to impede alteration. Otherwise, alteration starts inside, where member of the administration, their mentality should be influenced to get by with the alteration required. Kurt lewin theoretical account argued that alteration has a procedure this procedure starts to, dissolving traveling and refreezing Cummingss and Worley, ( 2002 ) .However other theoretical account described lewin theoretical account gaining the importance of whole people ( members ) of the administration to back up alteration.it is good thought to act upon bulk get downing from top side of the direction construction to the underside by explicating why alteration was necessary for the administration. This may cut down the impact of opposition for alteration.Ivancevich and Matteson ( 2002 ) There different types of alteration, but alteration of behavior and height and values are the most major which in bend consequences to travel the administration at different degree of production. Harm onizing to the proclamation made by CEO of Sony Company early 2009, first of all and foremost alteration was for organizational civilization, beliefs come from the perceptual experience and consequence it is fruit itself.If the company managed to alter staff beliefs, turn negative height to peremptory height the consequence is to do alteration happen. Harmonizing to Maslow s Hierarchy of demands, as director should understand the complexness of human demands.If this was instance, the inquiry which is raised that, how an employee can run into the organizational demands ( Objectives ) if the company director has non fulfilled an employee demands? Maslow s theoretical accounts recognised that, nevertheless a basic demands should be fulfilled at least so every bit far as you meet an employee demand from bottom to exceed of the hierarch, perceptual experience of many employees is security.Refreezing degree this is the degree whereby a company a company is looking to brace the alterat ion in a new manner, confidence to staff is made and they feel unafraid therefore they will be able to present the quality as required by the administration.Example is where by a company will come in into the market chest frontward with a merchandise which meets beyond clients the outlook such as laptops by Sony s merchandise. Very little and easy to maintain into a little pocketbook in fact person with piece in head has to come up with this invention etc. Therefore motive is most of import if truly alterations are planned.The meet a end has been defined, a company will specify how far is looking to make in the market This inquiry automatically will be answered by the SWOT ANALYSIS discussed in the text above. Every civilization has their say Swahili linguistic communication acknowledges the use of goods and services of the word the caput is a moist significance every determination should be pass foremost to the caput of the administration. Kurt Lewin supported that by back up ing to try out support from the caput of the administration.MentionsBurnes, B ( 2004 ) Managing Change 4th edition, England Prentice Hall.Cumming, T. G and Worley, C. G ( 2001 ) Organization development and alteration United statess South-Western College.Govindarajan, V. and Gupta, A. K. ( 2001 ) Mastering Global bloodline Hrsg Fiscal Time, Great Britain, p.98.Harris, N. ( 2000 ) Business Economicss Theory and Application Oxford UK, p.132Ivancevich, J. and Matteson, T. ( 2002 ) Organizational Behaviour and Management 6th edition, North Amarica McGraw-Hill.Karlof, B. and Gilderson, A. J. ( 1993 ) Business Concept A Concise perish USA Routledge, p.190.Mark Kennan ( 2010 ) Sony Corporation History & A Background Online easy from hypertext transfer protocol //www.ehow.com/about_5176244_sony-corporation-history-background.html ( Accessed 3 April 2010 )Michie, Jonathan and Grieve Smith, John ( 1999 ) Global instability the political economic system of the universe economic a dministration London Ruthledge, p.112.Mintzberg, H. ( 1994 ) The rise and autumn of strategic be aftering London FT Prentice Hall.Mintzberg, H. et Al ( 1998 ) Strategy campaign The complete usher through the natural states of strategic direction New York Prentice Hall.Mullins, L. J. ( 2002 ) Management and organisational behavior 6th edition, England Prentice Hall.Raynor, M. E. ( 2007 ) The Strategy Paradox New York Doubleday Business.Smartbrief.com ( 2010 ) Sony Corporation Online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.smartbrief.com/news/cea/companyData.jsp? companyId=3938 ( Accessed 4 April 2010 )Sony Global ( 2010 ) Sony Corp. Info Online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.sony.net/ SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/ ( Accessed 2 April 2010 )Sony UK ( 2010 ) The History of the Sony Corporation Online Available from hypertext transfer protocol // www.sony.co.uk/article/id/1060176719725 ( Accessed 2 April 2010 )Usb4ever.com ( 2007 ) The History of Sony Corporation Online Available from hypertext transfer protocol // www.usb4ever.com/Sony/sony-corporation.html ( Accessed 4 April 2010 )Whittington, R ( 2001 ) What is scheme, and does it count? 2nd edition, London Thomson.

Behold a Pale Horse

lay eyes on A PALE horse Milton William Cooper And I looked, and behold a pale horse and his name that sat upon him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was disposed unto them on the tot wholey over the fourth factor of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with the beasts of the earth. The Holy Bible The Book of disclosure Chapter 6 Verse 8The ideas and conclusions expressed in this work are mine al mavin. It is possible that one or more conclusions may be wrong. The purpose of this admit is to convince you (the selecter) that nearthing is terribly wrong. It is my hope that this work allow inspire you to begin an earnest search for the legality. Your conclusions may be different neertheless unitedly perchance we fag end build a better world.One basic truth can be used as a foundation for a mountain of lies, and if we jade down deep enough in the mountain of lies, and bring extinct that truth, to set it on shed light on of the mounta in of lies the entire mountain of lies for turn back topple under the weight of that one truth, and in that location is nonhing more devastating to a structure of lies than the revelation of the truth upon which the structure of lies was built, because the shock waves of the revelation of the truth r of all timeberate, and continue to r invariablyberate done show up the Earth for generations to follow, awakening level strike those heap who had no desire to be awakened to the truth.Delamer Duverus T satisfactory Of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Introduction . 1 Foreword .. 5 Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars . 35 Secret Societies and the New World Order .. 67 Oath of Initiation of an unsung Secret Order 99 Secret Treaty of Verona . 03 Good-by USA, Hello New World Order .. 109 H. R. 4079 and FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency 121 Anti-Drug evil Act of 1988 H. R. 5210, P. L. 100-690. 151 Are the Sheep Ready to Shear? . 159 Anatomy of an Alliance 163 Lessons from Lithuania 179 Coup de Grace .. 183 The Secret Government 95 Treason in High Places . 239 A Proposed Constitutional Model for the Newstates of the States 251 Protocols of the Elders of Zion .. 267 The Story of Jonathan May . 331 Documentation U. S. Army Intelligence Connection with Satanic Church. 361 William Coopers Military Service Record 381 flying saucers and field of view 51 397 Alien Implants . 42 AIDS .. 445 New World Order .. 448 U. S. Government Drug Involvement.. 473 Kurzweil vs. Hopkins 490 addendum A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G INTRODUCTION Some prison term ago I had the opport unit of measurementy to experience William Cooper and his wife Annie. It was part of my job to verify whether this adult male did indeed speak the truth or was chuck come in a nonher person reveal nance fame and fortune.What I found was a rugged, bulldog, driven individual who was kind, horizonful and tenderhearted. He was truly concerned some you and your welfare. Bill knew that people were badly informed by a society which spoon-feeds you deception until there is no distinction between fiction and reality. He sees what many others see happening, and he is not afraid to do something nigh it. thither are many who do not want you to hit the sack what Bill has to say. They prevail tried many times to stop him from saying it. The s gondolas on his face and the loss of his leg are his badges of sincerity on your behalf. No one conk outs popular by telling people the truth.History records what happened to the true prophets of the past. However, some work listened to their warnings and were not caught reach-guard. Others necessitate assemble their heads in the sand and refused to listen. Bill has it together, and has put it together for you so you can also be one of the inform ed of the world. A well informed person can fetch the right decision. William Cooper has my vote of approval because I cared enough to find out who the man is. in a flash is your opportunity. 2 BEHOLD A PALE one dollar bill There pack been many related sequential coincidences all throughout my biography, incidents that by themselves would digest conduct nowhere.Statistically, the odds against the same or a related sequence of events happening to one individual are astronomically high. It is this series of incidents that have convinced me that graven image has had a hand in my life. I do not moot in fate. I do not believe in accidents. I cannot and allow not accept the theory that long sequences of unrelated accidents determine world events. It is inconceivable that those with power and wealth would not band together with a uncouth bond, a common interest, and a long- fly the coop plan to decide and direct the future of the world. For those with the resources, to do other wise would be totally irresponsible.I know that I would be the for the first time to organize a conspiracy to control the end of the future, if I were such a person and a conspiracy did not yet exist. I would do it in an attempt to ensure the survival of the principles in which I believe, the survival of my family, my survival, and the survival of the human race, if for no other reason. I believe, therefore, that a reverend game of chess is being mutationed on a level that we can barely imagine, and we are the pawns. Pawns are worth(predicate) altogether under plastered circumstances and are frequently sacrificed to gain an advantage.Anyone who has studied military strategy is familiar with the concept of sacrifice. Those who have seriously studied history have homogeneously discover the real reason we go to war on a regularly scheduled basis. Before reading this book I advise you to bleed at least two complete games of chess. You must learn the rules THEY play by. You mu st realize objectively that some pieces are more valuable than others and that the king is the most valuable of all. You cannot learn reality if you get caught up in the fantasy that if s not fair. You must come to know that the ultimate outcome of the game is the and thing that counts.You were lied to when you were told that it does not bailiwick whether you win or brook, if s how you play the game. Winning in the world of the elite is everything. Indeed, it is the only thing. The power elite intend to win. My research has shown, at this point, that the future laid out for us may be hardly near impossible to change. I do not learn with the means by which the powerful few have chosen for us to reach the end. I do not agree that the end is where we should end at all. But unless we can wake the people from their sleep, nothing short of civil war will stop the planned outcome.I brutal that statement not on defeatism moreover on the apathy of the majority of the American peopl e. Twenty-five years ago I would have believed otherwise unless twenty-five years ago I was also sound asleep. We have been taught lies. Reality is not at all what we perceive it to be. William Cooper 3 We cannot dwell any increase by hanging onto the falsehoods of the past. Reality must be discerned at all costs if we are to be a part of the future. rightfulness must prevail in all instances, no matter who it hurts or helps, if we are to continue to live upon this earth. At this point, what we want may no longer matter.It is what we must do to ensure our survival that counts. The old way is in the au thustic process of destruction and a New World Order is get the better of down the door. To cling to the past is guaranteed suicide. To remain apathetic is assured enslavement. To learn the truth and thence act upon it is the only means of survival at this moment. To gesticulate off the development contained in this book and to disregard its warning will result in the complet e destruction of the Republic of the United States of America. You will never get a second warning or a second chance. Like it or not, this is it, stark reality.You can no longer turn your head, push aside it, pretend if s not true, say it cant happen to me, run, or hide. The wolf is at the door. I fear for the little ones, the innocents, who are already buckle undering for our mis imbibes. There exists a great ramp upy of occupationally orphaned children. They are attending government-controlled day-care centers. And latchkey kids who are outpouring wild in the streets. And the lop-sided, emotionally wounded children of single welfare arrives, innate(p) only for the sake of more money in the monthly check. Open your eyeball and look at them, for they are the future.In them I see the sure and certain destruction of this once-proud nation. In their vacant eyes I see the death of Freedom. They carry with them a great emptiness and someone will surely pay a great price for their suffering. If we do not act in concert with each other and ensure that the future becomes what we need it to be, then we will surely deserve any(prenominal) fate awaits us. I believe with all my heart that God put me in places and in positions throughout my life so that I would be able to deliver this warning to His people. I pray that I have been worthy and that I have done my job.THIS IS MY CREED I believe first in God, the same God in which my ancestors believed. I believe in Jesus Christ and that he is my saviour. Second, I believe in the Constitution of the Republic of the United States of America, without interpretation, as it was written and meant to work. I have given my sacred oath to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies foreign and domestic. I intend to fulfill that oath. Third, I believe in the family unit and, in particular, my family unit. I have sworn that I will give my life, if it is required, in defense of God, th e BEHOLD A PALE HORSE Constitution, or my family. Fourth, I believe that any man without principles that he is ready and involuntary to die for at any given moment is already dead and is of no use or consequence whatsoever. William Cooper August 3,1990 dwell Verde, azimuth FOREWORD William Cooper and daughter Dorothy 6 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE The one thing that I find most difficult is to salvage round myself. It is hard to understand why some people thirst for knowledge some me. It was never my intention to be anyones hero. I am for certain no great example upon which to prat ones life.I consider myself a very average normal kind of guy. I have some pretty grievous points I have some human failings. I am proud of some of my achievements, and there are things that I wish I had not done. Im not perfect, and I am not sure that I ever want to be. But it is certain that I do not belong on anyones pedestal. I am a man with a message. And the message will be accepted by only a few. To those few who will understand, I am your brother. Maybe we can change the future for the better. William Moore, in his disinformation publication entitled Focus, said that I am a fundamentalist preacher.Twenty years ago that would have been a compliment, notwithstanding today it implies sleaziness. That is why he said it. I am not, and have never been any kind of preacher. I am not starting a church. I am not developing a religion. I do not belong to any organizations. I do not have an entourage. There is no cult and I am not a cult leader. No one camps out almost my theater. People have called radio talk shows claiming to have first-hand knowledge that I am a notorious radical right-wing extremist. Others have said they have proof that I belong to a white racist organization.Someone said that they found my name on a list of communist party members. A man in Los Angeles, endlessly the same voice, calls when I am on radio claiming that I am an alcoholic. The truth is, most of my close friends and acquaintances consider themselves to be liberal democrats. My only political stance is Constitutional. My wife is Chinese. That rules out the racist propaganda. I fought the communists in Vietnam. I will competitiveness them again, if necessary, but only on United States soil. I used to drink a allot of alcohol in my younger geezerhood. As I became elderly the booze dwindled to a trickle.Now I do not drink frequently at all. virtually of my friends have never seen me take a drink. Annie and I are fond of using wine in our cooking. The lies, no doubt, will continue. For the purpose of keeping everything in perspective, lets all understand that attempts to assassinate my character will continue and in all probability will become worse. Rather than let that get in the way, I want you to believe everything bad that you ever hear about me. See if that changes anything that I have been attempt to tell you. See if it negates any of the proof. I believe that is the easiest way to handle those attacks.You who are sincerely interested in knowing will seek out me or those who are intimately close to me. Those who do are the only ones who will ever rattling know who and what I am. William Cooper 7 My ancestors came from England, Scotland, and Ireland. I had relatives who fought on both sides in the Civil War. And some who fought in the Indian Wars. One of my ancestors was a horse thief in Texas. I dont know for sure, but I think he got hung for it. When I was a little boy I heard whispers that there was some Cherokee blood in the family. Every time I asked about it I was told to shut up.I never could figure out why everyone was afraid to talk about the Indian blood. I musical theme, and still think, that it is something of which to be proud. I have since discovered that the old folks in my family, comparable the old folks in almost every family, clutch there was some stigma attached to being part Indian. In the old days on the American fr ontier, people lived by hard rules. If you werent accepted by your neighbors you were more than likely to end up dead. My enatic grandmothers family, named Vance, traveled to Texas in a covered wagon and were some of the first settlers in the area of Odessa.My great grandad Vance was a real cowboy who eventually became one of the first oil-field workers. My great grandmother Vance told me that one of their first homes was a dugout on the prairie. My great auntie Sister owned a photo of her father, my great grandfather Vance, standing in front of a saloon beside his friend. Both men had six-guns stuck in their belts. When she was about 84 or so she told me that my great grandfather Vance had gone off to do some work for a rancher. It was during a particularly nasty Indian up salary increase. My great grandmother was a newly married young woman at the time.She rose early one cockcrow and precept smoke rising slope from the direction of one of her neighbors. Soon a war party of fi ve young undismayeds rode up to her dugout. She told me that she was stir to death but knew if she showed it they would kill her for sure. The Indians were hungry. Great nan Vance made them get down off their ponies, dragged them inside and fed them. They didnt harm her. After filling their stomachs they rode off in the direction where she saw smoke rising after that by and bynoon. She said that she learned later(prenominal) that she was the only one in the area that had not been burned out or killed.She was a very brave woman. Great Grandma Vance died in a car accident just a short time after(prenominal) telling me that story. I survey it was a very strange way for her to die. She went from covered wagons to Fords and Boeing 707s. Grandma Vance saw just about everything that ever was important in this world happen in her lifetime. My paternal grandfathers family also rode across the country in a covered wagon. They strayed a little north, however, and ended up in the Indian territory now cognise as Oklahoma. They were on the front line during the Oklahoma land rush and succeeded in staking out 320 acres on BEHOLD A PALE HORSE Big Bear Creek near what would eventually become Enid. A little town sprang up not too far away called Garber. They raised(a) a lot of kids. I hatch my great grandmother cooking the biggest breakfast I had ever seen. We slept in real feather beds that swallowed us up. We ran to the earth-closet in the middle of the darkness because we were embarrassed to use the chamber pot that Great Grandma kept handy under every bed. In the morning everyone would crowd around the wood stove in the kitchen or the coal stove in the parlor exhausting to get warm.My dad had given me a . 22 rifle for Christmas and Great Grandmas farm was the first place that I ever went hunting. I got up ahead the sun one morning, tiptoed downstairs, and headed out for the creek. most two hours later I saw my chance and tantrum a quail sitting up in a tree. I strutted proudly to the farm residence retentiveness that quail up for all to see. Luckily the farmhand saw me first. He burst out laughing and asked me what I thought I was doing with that sparrow. I ran off and buried that bird and never said a word to anyone. I learned later that quails dont sit in trees.For those who may think this to be a terrible thing, I must tell you that every boy in those days was given a rifle and taught to hunt. During hunting season many a family managed to put aside some extra money because the boys brought home meat from the hunt. That money saved was sorely required. It was considered a duty for a citizen to own a gun in order to carry out the intent of the 2nd amendment to the Constitution. As long as the citizens owned guns the government could never become oppressive. My mothers family came from Scotland and colonised in North Carolina.They were hardworking and thrifty folk. Most of them were poor. I never knew oft(prenominal) more about m y mothers family. I dont even remember anyone talking much about them. I know that my grandmother, Nellie Woodside, was forced to give up some of her children when her husband died. There was not enough money to feed all of the kids. My mother was one of those chosen to live in a childrens home until things got better. No one ever talked about my mothers father. When I asked about my grandfather I was told, deprivation was no good, and you just sagaciousness your own business. I got the feeling that nobody care him.He died before I entered this world. I was born May 6, 1943. I was reared in a military family. My father is USAF Lt. Col. (Ret. ) Milton V. Cooper. He prefers to be called Jack, the nickname given to him by the family when he was a boy. Dad began his Air Force passage as a young cadet flying bi levels and retired as a command pilot with thousands of hours to his credit. I have a picture of him standing in front of an old biplane in his leather jacket and his cap wit h the earflaps William Cooper 9 My mother and father 10 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE just like Snoopy wears.I can remember the pilots gathered around the kitchen table talking about the planes and telling stories. Sometimes they discussed strange things called foo fighters or UFOs. When we were golden they got out the projector and showed Kodachrome slides. That was a special treat. By the time I was eight years old, I think I had already seen and been inside every plane the Air Force (which used to be the Army Air Force) had ever owned. I had flown in several. I had seen many of them crash and had friends who had lost their fathers. I remember one night in the Azores at Lages Field.We were at the base theater ensureing a movie when the projector ground to a stop, the lights came on and a exculpation was made for blood donors. We knew there had been a disaster. Everyone went outside and looked down the hill at the flightline. It was literally consumed in flames. We could see men on fire running through the night. A B-29 had crashed. I forget if it had been taking off or landing but I will never forget the scene that was interpenetrate before me on that night. No one went back to the movie even though we had only seen half. I was nine years old but entangle much older.I had seen many crashes, and I would see many more in the years to come. But I never saw anything that could ever compare to the wreckage, the fire, the devastation, or the loss of life caused by the crash of that B-29. We left the Azores a year later. As we climbed into the cant I looked out the plane window. I could still see pieces of the wreckage where it had been pushed away from the runways. It was that incident that gave me an appreciation of the dangers that my dad faced on a daily basis. I knew then how lucky we were to see him walk in the door. melodic line wasnt safe in those days, especially for military pilots.We all knew families that had lost someone in a crash. I didnt unendingly l ove my father. He was a relentless disciplinarian. My dad did not believe in spare the rod and his belt was put to use frequently in our family. I was a very light-sensitive but willful child. Rules didnt mean much to me until I got caught breaking them. Many times I was the focus of his anger. Like most kids, I didnt understand. I thought he was a tyrant. Now I appreciate his upbringing. I know, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that without his strict discipline we most probably would have turned out bad. Now I love my Dad. He is my friend.He is an independent, gregarious, feisty, tough, confident, adventurous, sometimes overbearing, handsome, big bear of a man. My mother told me that she fell in love with him because he looks like John Wayne, and he does. I have watched him progress from one who disdained any public show of affection to a man William Cooper 11 who is just as likely to hug you as shake your hand. On the other side, he has at times made me so angry that I could hav e punched him in the backtalk, but I never have. If s damn hard for anyone not to like him. He is always up to some mis brain, and I can guarantee you that no one is ever bored around my father.My mother is a real gray lady. They used to call her kind a Southern belle. She is one of the last of a dying breed. Dovie Nell (Woodside) Cooper is the type of woman that men like to aspiration about when theyre lonely. She is the kindest, gentlest, woman that I have ever known. I do not make that statement just because she is my mother. Its true. She was beautiful as a young woman and she is beautiful now. My mother is one of those people who, once she likes you, cant be driven away. She is loyal to a fault. I have seen her during the good and during the bad times. She never flinched, no matter what.It always surprised me that she could be so tough and yet so kind, gentle, and loving all at the same time. Woe to anyone who ever harms my dad or one of her children in her presence. She is the ruff cook who ever stepped foot in any kitchen that was ever built. I love my mother probably more than anyone else in this world. I have a brother Ronnie and a sis Connie. They are fraternal twins two years younger than me. We were closer than most siblings when we were children because we pass so much of our life in foreign countries, where oftentimes we found ourselves unable to communicate except with each other.We had school friends, but school was often many miles from where we lived. We had few toys. Most of them were things that mother gave us such as spools, cigar boxes, string, or anything else that we could find to keep us occupied. Every Christmas was a delight because we always got some REAL toys. Ronnie and I had a propensity to see how things worked, however, so they never lasted long. Everything we wore, including shoes, was ordered from the Sears catalog. It was the wish book, and we never tired of looking through it. We alternately love each other, detested each other, fought each other, and defended each other, as I guess all kids do.Ronnie, his wife Suzie, and their daughter Jennifer live in Garber, Oklahoma, where Ron sells John Deere farm equipment. Ron & Suzie built t h e i r house with their own hands. As far as I know they intend to live in that house until they die. Ronnie served as an officer in the Army. In Vietnam he earned the Silver Star. We havent seen each other since 1976 after he came to visit me in the hospital after I lost my leg. Nevertheless I love him and I miss him a lot. Neither one of us can afford to travel much unless its business, but one of these days soon Im going to surprise him unless visit.Connie has shown me pictures and Ron looks just like my 12 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE great grandfather. nigh every picture Ive seen shows Ron in chaps, a Stetson, boots, and either near or on a horse. I guess that is about how it should be, as Ronnie always precious to be a cowboy when he was a child. Connie has really t urned out to be a fine woman. When she was little I sometimes liked her and sometimes didnt. Little boys dont usually have much use for little girls. Since we only had each other to play with, however, Ronnie and I loved her a lot but little boys just cant ever admit anything like that.I remember Connie always followed me everywhere I went. I couldnt get unfreeze of her no matter how hard I tried. Her devotion and loyalty made me love her all the more. Of course I pretended that she was a pain in the ass. As we grew older and began to realize that there was a really big difference between boys and girls Connie began to take on an air of mystery. From that time until I was about 18 she discombobulate me completely. I remember when she was around 13 or so she would throw temper tantrums when she got angry. She would stomp her feet, scream, run to her room and then slam the door.Ronnie and I thought it was a great show but couldnt for love or money understand why she did it. When we asked mom she would just shake her head and say, Hormones. William Cooper, brother Ronnie, sister Connie William Cooper 13 Connie grew up to be a beautiful woman and eventually married her high school sweetheart, Gus Deaton. They had two beautiful children, Janice and Chrissie. Janice is very much like Connie, loving and loyal. Chrissie is different. Shes a redhead who loves to party. I guess Chrissie represents a freedom of spirit more than anything else.Connies marriage deteriorated and no one could figure out what was happening until Gus was diagnosed as having brain tumors. It was tragic. Everyone really loved Gus. As his disease progressed and he began to do crazy things, people just drifted away. I have always nurtured a very special love for Chrissie. She never deserted her father. When no one else could stand to be around him, Chrissie chose to go and live with him so he wont be lonely, she said. Even now I get all choked up when I think of that little red-headed girl goin g to live with her throw father so he wont be lonely. His behavior was such that no one else could stand to be around him. At least that is what Im told. It wasnt Guss fault that he became ill and Ive always felt it just wasnt fair to Connie, the children, or Gus. Ive since learned that life is seldom fair. Connie eventually remarried and moved to Austin, Texas, where she has established herself as a valuable employee of a large bank. Her husband is an executive for McGraw Hill. His name, coincidentally, is Ron. We all really like Ron McClure, especially Dad, who has formed a close friendship with him. My sister has really blossomed into a wonderful woman.She has become one of my dearest and closest friends. She has grown to be so much a part of me that even now I sometimes get a feeling to look behind me to see if that little girl is still there. I feel a great loss when I see that if s only Sugarbear, my faithful dog but then, I love him too, so cant complain. I graduated in 196 1 from Yamato High School in Japan. That fall I enlisted in the Air Force. I really wanted to go into the navy but I had always had a tendency toward car sickness and seasickness. I attended basic at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, and Technical School for Aircraft & Missile Pneudraulics at Amarillo Air Force Base.Upon completion I was ordered to the 495th misfire Wing of the Strategic Air Command at Sheppard Air Force Base just outside Wichita Falls. The name was later changed to the 4245th Bomb Wing dont ask me why. In just a short time I had gone from a skinny kid who didnt know much about anything, even though I thought I did, to an airman who had a Secret( ) security clearance and worked on B-52 bombers, KC-135 refueling aircraft, and Minuteman missiles. I saw REAL atomic bombs. I worked around them on a daily basis. Because of that I had to wear a dosimeter just in case I was exposed to 14 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE radiation.In those days we were the elite of the Air Force and w e knew it. I received a Letter of Commendation for my work. In due time I was awarded the National Defense Medal and the Air Force Good Conduct Medal. (Actually, I think everyone was awarded the National Defense Medal so that no one would be embarrassed standing in formation with nothing on their chest. ) It was during this time that I met a couple of sergeants who kind of espouse me. We went out to the clubs together and usually ended up chasing women and drinking a lot of beer. They told me several stories about being attached to a special unit that recovered crashed flying saucers.Sgt. Meese told me that he had been on one operation that transported a saucer so large that a special team went before them, glum all telephone poles and fence posts. Another team followed and replaced them. They moved it only at night. It was kept parked and covered somewhere off the road during the day. Since we were always half-tanked when these stories came out, I never believed them sergeants were known to tell some tall tales to younger guys like me. On November 22, 1963, I was on duty as CQ (Charge of Quarters) for the Field victuals Squadron.Most of the men were out on the flightline working, the barracks orderlies had been assigned their tasks, the first sergeant was gone somewhere, and I was alone. I turned on the orderly room TV to watch the live broadcast of the Presidents motorcade in Dallas. I was not prepared for what I saw. I stared in disbelief as the events unfurled in front of my eyes. I knew that something had happened, but what? I had seen and heard the assassination, but my mind was not accepting it. I kept staving at the set to discover what it was that had happened when slowly the realization crept over me. A numbness scatter up my arms and legs.I saw what had happened The hair stood up on the back of my neck and a chill went down my spine. President Kennedy had been shot right in front of my eyes At that point huge tears began to stream down my face . Waves of emotion rushed through my body. I felt that I had to do something, so I picked up the direct line to the command center. I choked back the tears. When the command duty officer answered, I told him that the President had just been shot in Dallas. There was a pause, and he asked me, How do you know he has been shot? I told him that 1 had watched it on video recording and then hung up the phone.I was numb all over. A few minutes later the command duty officer called back and ordered a red alert at DEFCON TWO (Defense Condition Two meant war was imminent). The roar of jet engines could already be heard as the alert crews taxied their planes toward the runway. I was scared shitless as I ran from William Cooper 15 barracks to barracks routing out the night shift and those who had the day off. We had been told that we had about 15 minutes to launch all of our planes before the first atomic bomb would hit us in the event that the Russians launched an attack. I didnt even lock up the orderly room.I just jumped in the first car I saw, rode to the SAC compound/ and root worded to my red alert duty station. For the beside terzetto days I slept under the belly of a B-52 bomber staring at the Armageddon that hid just inside the closed bomb-bay doors. We thought the shit had finally hit the fan. It was a great relief when the alert was ended. I left the Air Force with an honorable discharge in 1965. In December of the same year I joined the Navy. I had always loved the ocean. I had wanted to be a sailor since I was a little boy. Seasick or not I made up my mind to follow my dream.I was sent to the naval Training Center in San Diego for boot camp. Because of my prior Air Force experience I was made the Recruit important Company Commander. I was allowed to keep my same rank and pay grade. We had a good bunch of guys in my company and we had a great company commandant. political boss Campbell, chief electricians mate. He turned the company over to me. The c hief was a good man. He was only interested in teaching us what we needed to know and in keeping us out of trouble. Unlike most boot camp instructors, pass Campbell had no axe to grind and wasnt trying to settle anything to himself or anyone else.He was truly our friend. During boot camp I volunteered for submarines (my sense of adventure was very strong). I was accepted, and upon completion of basic training, was ordered to the USS Tiru (SS-416) at the submarine base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Spitfire and damnation, no one could possibly be that lucky I couldnt believe my eyes when I read my orders. Here I was fulfilling my dream of being in the Navy. I got exactly what I asked for the first time that I asked for it, which was extremely rare in any branch of military service. And to top it all off, I was being sent to Hawaii, the land of tropical paradise.I was in seventh heaven. I landed in Hawaii with no time to play and took a cab directly to the sub base. My submarine was nowh ere to be found. I kept asking people until I found someone who told me that my sauceboat (subs are called boats in the Navy) was not at the sub base but in ironic dock in the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. I hailed another cab. The cab driver dropped me off at the head of a pier that looked like it had never been cleaned up after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. It was covered with what appeared to be hoses, huge electrical cables, rusting metal of every conceivable size and shape that you can imagine.The air was rank with the smell of diesel, welding fumes, paint, and steel. If there 16 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE is a hell on earth, I thought, this has to be it. I walked up the pier, over to the edge, and looked down into the dry dock. There, stripped of all dignity, lying naked and cut cleanly in half, was my boat, the USS Tiru. Men were scrambling all over it. They looked like ants swarming over a dead grasshopper. graphic flashes of light brighter than the sun drove sparks high into the air and then down in a beautiful flow to the bottom of the dock. I couldnt believe my eyes.Someone genuinely expected me to go out to sea, then under pissing, in what appeared to me to be a motley collection of cut-up rusting metal scavenged from some satanic junkyard, stuck together by demons with welding torches. My luck had just run out. I reported to the barracks barge moored in the water on the other side of the pier and was given a hammock for when I had the duty then I was sent to the sub base barracks where I was assigned a rack and a locker. I wanted to go into Honolulu but quickly discovered non-quals did not rate liberty. It was getting worse.The next few months were spent sanding, painting, lifting, and learning the boat. The men of the crew, except for the chief cook, were great. The chief cook was drunk every minute of the day and night. He didnt like me, so I didnt get much to eat. His dislike stemmed from my first morning when I walked into the galley and watc hed as the other crew members ordered their breakfast. When there was an opening I stepped up and asked for eggs over easy. Thats when the chief hit the overhead and vowed that I would never eat a meal in his mess decks. He wasnt kidding, either.The only time after that morning that I got anything to eat out of that galley was when the chief cook was ashore. To this day I still dont know what I did wrong. I could have gone to the captain, but if I had done that I might as well have put in for a transfer at the same time. It wasnt long, though, before I was able to locate where he hid his booze. I made his life miserable from that moment on. I wont tell you what I laced his vodka with, but it wasnt anything youd ever want to drink, believe me. I kept that chief so sick that he was transferred off the boat for medical reasons.I didnt want to hurt him, but it was either get rid of him or starve to death. I made up my mind that chief or no chief I wasnt going to go to sea on a boat that wouldnt feed me. I didnt relish going to sea with a drunk chief in charge of closing the main instalment valve when the boat made a dive. When a submarine goes underwater certain valves MUST be closed or the boat will flood with water and everyone will drown. The main induction is the MOST IMPORTANT of those valves. It was the cooks duty to close it, because the valve was in the galley on board the USS Tiru. I made two especially close friends spell on the Tiru.A black seaman William Cooper 17 named capital of Nebraska pleasant and an American Indian seaman we called Geronimo. The three of us were inseparable. capital of Nebraska was best man at my first marriage. Of the three Geronimo was the most experienced seaman, so he taught Lincoln and me. He knew everything there was to know about the boat, rope, paint, and a w good deal lot of other things that a man had to know to survive in the Navy. I knew the most about getting along in the military, so I taught Geronimo and Lincol n. Lincoln knew every really good spot on the Island where we could have a good time, so he led the liberty party.Three things really stand out in my mind about the time that I spent on the Tiru. The first was an incident that occurred during a test dive while we were creeping along at about 3 or 4 knots at a depth of 600 feet off the Island of Oahu. Lincoln and I had just been palliate from watch and were in the after battery talking when we were knocked off our feet. We heard a loud CLANG forward and felt the boat lunge to port. thusly we heard a sound that made our blood run cold. I could literally feel the blood drain from my face as I listened to whatever it was that we hit scrape along the starboard side of the hull.Lincoln and I froze. We held our breath as metal screeched upon metal. I thought it would never end. No one moved, anywhere. Finally, after what seemed a lifetime, the boat lurched and the noise disappeared aft. If it had pierced the hull none of us would be aliv e today. We never found out what it was. When we returned to Pearl, divers went down to have a look. When they surfaced they reported that the starboard bowplane was damaged and the hull was gouged all along the starboard side from bow to stern. We went in for repairs. In a couple of days we were good as new, but I certainly had an entirely different perspective on life.The second thing that stands out happened to another boat that had been out participating in torpedo attack exercises with another submarine. I remember seeing the boat entering the harbor with a large tarp over the conning tower. I could see something holding the tarp up on each side of the tower but I couldnt see what it was. Later, Geronimo, Lincoln and I walked over where the boat was berthed and looked under the tarp. The other boat in the exercise had scored a direct hit What we saw was a torpedo sticking completely through the sail. We started laughing.Then we looked at each other and decided that it wasnt so laughable after all. This submarine business was not quite as attractive as Id thought. count three happened during a transit between the Portland-Seattle area and Pearl Harbor. I was the port lookout during the afternoon watch (1200 to 1600 hours). Geronimo was the starboard lookout. national flag Ball was the OOD (Officer of the Deck). We were doing 10 knots on the surface and the three of us were on the bridge in the conning tower. It was a bright 18 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE day, but the sun was obscured by a low layer of clouds. It was cool.We had a bit of fun when someone below requested permission to put a man on deck forward to get something that was needed from the waterproof deck locker. The locker was under the deck plate all the way up on the bow near the forward torpedo-room escape trunk. Geronimo and I laughed when ensign Ball gave his approval. He really shouldnt have, because we were running a pressure wave over the bow. When we saw who it was they had sent on deck we roared with laughter. We looked down over the side of the sail at the deck-level door just as it popped open and Seaman Lincoln Loving stuck his head out.He didnt look happy. Lincoln reached down and put the runner in the safety track in the deck, fastened the safety belt around his cannon and, grabbing the handrail, stepped out on deck. He looked up at us with that dont you laugh at me look that he did so well. It took him a few minutes to get up the nerve to let go of the handrail and begin to make his way forward against the wind and the pitching deck. Gingerly, he crept forward until he was just at the point where the pressure wave was rolling off the deck when the bow heaved free of the water on its cyclical upswing.I could see that Lincoln was trying to time a run forward when the bow was out of the water. He made a couple of false starts, then ran slipping on the wicked deck, disappearing into the access hole for the forward torpedo-room escape hatch. The bow plunged underw ater and I found myself sucking air as I imagined the cold saltwater swirling around me. It wasnt me, though, it was Lincoln. I gripped the top of the sail as I waited for the bow to swing up, hoping that Lincoln wouldnt panic. What we saw next could have been a clip from one of those old Keystone Cops movies.Lincoln was flailing water so hard that it looked like he had 40 arms and 40 legs. It was only then that I realized that Lincoln had joined the Navy but he didnt know how to swim. When he finally gathered a foothold, the half-drowned seaman exploded up out of that hole like a Polaris missile and ran back to the conning tower just as fast as his wet leather soles would carry him. Ensign Ball, Geronimo, and I laughed for a good ten minutes. In fact, every time we saw Lincoln for the next two days we would burst out laughing. Lincoln didnt think it was funny and didnt miss a chance to slug us every time we laughed.Lincoln went below. Geronimo and I began the unending task of swee ping the horizon from bow to stern, then the sky from horizon to zenith, and then back to the horizon from bow to stern. Again and again, and then a pause to rest our eyes and chat for a few minutes. I asked Ensign Ball to call for some hot coffee. As he bent over the 1MC, I turned, William Cooper 19 raising my opera glasses to my eyes just in time to see a huge disk rise from beneath the ocean, water streaming from the air around it, tumble idly on its axis, and disappear into the clouds. My heart beat wildly.I tried to talk but couldnt then I changed my mind and decided I didnt want to say that, anyway. I had seen a flying saucer the size of an aircraft carrier come right out of the ocean and fly into the clouds. I looked around quickly to see if anyone else had seen it. Ensign Ball was still bending over the IMC. He was ordering coffee. Geronimo was looking down the starboard side aft. I was torn between my duty to report what I had seen and the knowledge that if I did no one w ould believe me. As I looked out over the ocean I saw only sky, clouds, and water. It was as if nothing had happened.I almost thought I had dreamed it. Ensign Ball straightened, turned toward Geronimo and said the coffee was on the way up. I looked back toward the spot, about 15 degrees relative off the port bow, and about 2-1/2 nautical miles distant. Nothing, not even a hint of what had happened. Ensign Ball, I said, I thought I saw something about 15 degrees relative off the bow, but I lost it. Can you help me look over that area? Ensign Ball turned, raising his glasses to eye level. I didnt know it at the time, but Geronimo had heard me and turned to look. He was happy that something had broken the monotony.I was just lifting the binoculars off my chest when I saw it. The giant saucer shape plunged out of the clouds, tumbled, and, pushing the water before it, opened up a hole in the ocean and disappeared from view. It was incredible. This time I had seen it with my naked eyes, and its size in comparison with the total view was nothing short of astounding. Ensign Hall stood in shock, his binoculars in his hands, his mouth open. Geronimo yelled, Holy shit What the hey did you guys see that? Ensign Ball turned, and looking right at me with the most incredulous look on his face, said in a low voice, This had to happen on my watch He turned, quickly pressing the override on the IMC and yelled, Captain to the bridge, Captain to the bridge. As an afterthought he pressed the switch again and yelled, Somebody get a photographic camera up here. The Captain surged up the ladder with the quartermaster on his heels. Chief Quartermaster Quintero had the ships 35-mm camera slung around his neck. The Captain stood patiently while Ensign Ball tried to describe what he had seen. He glanced at us and we both nodded in affirmation. That was enough for the Captain. He called sonar, who during the excitement had reported contact underwater at the same bearing.The Captain announced into the 1MC, This is the Captain. I have the conn. The reply 20 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE came back instantly from the helm, Aye, Aye sir. I knew that the helmsman was passing the word in the control room that the Captain had personally interpreted control of the boat. I also knew that rumors were probably flying through the vessel. The Captain called down and ordered someone to closely monitor the radar. His command was instantly acknowledge. As the five of us stood gazing out over the sea the same ship or one exactly like it rose slowly, turned in the air, angle at an angle and then vanished.I saw the Chief snapping pictures out of the corner of my eye. This time I had three images from which to draw conclusions. It was a metal machine, of that there was no doubt whatsoever. It was intelligently controlled, of that I was equally sure. It was a dull color, kind of like pewter. There were no lights. There was no glow. I thought I had seen a row of what looked like porthole s, but could not be certain. Radar reported contact at the same bearing and gave us a range of 3 nautical miles. The range was right on, as the craft had moved toward the general direction that we were headed.We watched repeatedly as the strange craft reentered the water and then subsequently rose into the clouds over and over again until finally we knew that it was gone for good. The episode lasted about 10 minutes. Before leaving the bridge the Captain took the camera from the Chief and instructed each of us not to talk to anyone about what we had seen. He told us the incident was classified and we were not to discuss it, not even amongst ourselves. We acknowledged his order. The Captain and the Chief left the bridge. Ensign Ball stepped to the 1MC and, pressing the override switch, announced, This is Ensign Ball.The Captain has left the bridge. I have the conn. The reply, Aye aye sir, quickly followed. Those of us who had witnessed the UFO were not allowed to go ashore after we had berthed in Pearl. Even those of us who didnt have the duty were told we had to stay aboard. After about two hours a commander from the Office of Naval Intelligence boarded. He went directly to the Captains stateroom. It wasnt long before we were called to wait in the passageway outside the Captains door. Ensign Ball was called first. After about 10 minutes he came out and went into the wardroom. He looked shaken. I was next.When I entered the stateroom, the Commander was holding my service record in his hands. He wanted to know why I had gone from the Air Force into the Navy. I told him the whole story and he laughed when I said that after putting off the Navy for fear of chronic seasickness, I hadnt been seasick yet. Suddenly a mask dropped over his face, and looking me directly in the eyes he asked, What did you see out there? WilliamCooper 21 I believe it was a flying saucer, sir, I answered. The man began to visibly shake and he screamed obscenities at me. He threatened to put me in the brig for the rest of my life.I thought he wasnt going to stop yelling, but as suddenly as he began, he stopped. I was confused. I had answered his wonder truthfully yet I was threatened with prison. I was not afraid, but I was not very confident, either. I figured I had better take another tack. Eighteen years with my father and four years in the Air Force had taught me something. Number one was that officers just do not lose control like that, ever. Number two was that if my answer had elicited that explosion, then the next thing out of my mouth had better be something entirely different.Number three was, that his response had been an act of kindness to get me to arrive at exactly that conclusion. Lets start all over again, he said. What did you see out there? Nothing, sir, I answered. I didnt see a damn thing, and Id like to get out of here just as soon as possible. A smile spread over his face and the Captain looked relieved. Are you sure, Cooper? he asked. Yes sir, I replied, Im sure. Youre a good sailor, Cooper, he said. The Navy needs men like Youll go far with the Navy. He then asked me to read several pieces of paper that all said the same thing only with different words.I read that if I ever talked about what it was that I didnt see, I could be fined up to $10,000 and imprisoned for up to 10 years or both. In addition I could lose all pay and allowances due or ever to become due. He asked me to sign a piece of paper stating that I understood the laws and regulations that I had just read governing the safeguard of classified information relating to the national security. By signing, I agreed never to communicate in any manner any information regarding the incident with anyone. I was dis miss, and boy, was I glad to get out of there.Not long after that incident I devolunteered from submarines. I was transferred to the USS Tombigbee (AOG-11). The Tombigbee was a gasoline tanker. It was more precarious than the sub. The Captain was c razy and the crew was a combination of idiots and misfits. I once had to draw my pistol while I was petty officer of the watch to block an officer from being attacked by a seaman. The Tombigbee collided in the dead of night with a destroyer in the Molokai channel and several men died when the destroyer was almost cut in half. Every day aboard that ship was exactly like a scene right out of Mr.Roberts. I struck for quartermaster (navigation specialist) and managed to fall out to the rank of second class petty officer despite the obvious 22 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE obstacles. I made two WESTPAC tours aboard the Tombigbee. They included a total of 12 months off the coast of Vietnam. We came under machine-gun fire while spinal columned off Chu Lai. We had to do an emergency breakaway and leave of absence the harbor. All we needed was one tracer round in one of the tanks, and KA-BOOM, it would have been all over. The Viet Cong gunner probably got busted because the stupid jerk missed the whole damn ship.HOW CAN YOU MISS A WHOLE SHIP? The only other time I felt threatened was when we went up to a small outpost at the DM2 called Cua Viet. It was a vision right out of hell. Cua Viet sat on the southern bank at the river mouth of the Thack Han river. We rode at anchor and pumped fuel ashore through a bottom lay line. Every night we could see the tracers from fire fights raging up and down the river and along the DMZ. It was a real hot spot. Every once in awhile Viet Cong or NVA rockets would slam into the camp. We would perform an emergency breakaway and put to sea until the all clear was sounded.Everything was cool until our whacko Captain decided we were going into the river mouth. Did you ever try to put a pencil through the eye of a prick? Thaf s about comparable to what we did. Ill never know how we got that big ship through the narrow mouth of that river with no navigational references whatsoever. We dropped anchor midchannel and the Captain okay the ship right up to the beach and dropped the stern anchor into the sand. There we sat, a great big target full of gasoline. We were helpless in the mouth of a narrow river, with three anchors out, right in the middle of one of the hottest combat zones in Vietnam.That night several men in the crew wrote earn to the Chief of Naval Operations requesting an immediate transfer. No one slept. I dont know why the enemy didnt send in the rockets, but they didnt. I knew then that God must keep a special watch over fools. The next day we set to sea and started for Pearl. The Captain was relieved for incompetence later that year. Then I was transferred to school. I didnt know what school I had drawn. It turned out to be the Naval credential and Intelligence School for Internal Security Specialist (NEC 9545).The general training prepared me to set up security perimeters, secure installations and buildings, and safeguard classified information. My training included special weapons, booby-trap identificati on and disarming, the espial of bugs, phone taps, transmitters and many other subjects. I was specifically trained to prepare and conduct Pacific-area intelligence briefings. From the day I reported to school in 1968 until I left the Navy I worked off and on for Naval Security and Intelligence, Upon graduating I was transferred to Vietnam. I had volunteered William Cooper 23 ver a year before because I figured that my chances were better in the war than they were on that screwed-up gasoline tanker. This was the first good news Id had since leaving boot camp. I really wanted to fight for my country. I wasnt to find out what a real fool I was until a few years later. I landed at Da Nang and was bused to Camp Carter, the headquarters for Naval Security and Intelligence in I Corps. I was interviewed by Captain Carter, the commanding officer. The names turned out to be a coincidence. Captain Carter asked me if I thought I would make a good patrol boat captain, and I told him that I wou ld.What else could I tell him? I thought he was joking when he told me I would have command of a boat and crew. He wasnt, and I did. Lt. Duey at the Harbor Patrol, a division of Naval Intelligence, allowed me to hand-pick a crew. He gave me first choice of four 45-foot picket boats that had just been unloaded from the deck of a freighter. I and my new crew spent three days going over every inch of that boat. We adjusted and fine-tuned everything. We sanded and painted. One of the seamen even hung curtains in the after cabin. We checked and double-checked the engines. My gunners mate, GMG3 Robert G.Barron, checked out weapons and we began to arm our vessel. Ive got to tell you the truth just looking at all those guns scared the shit out of me. I vowed right then and there that I would be the best damn captain that ever commanded a combat vessel in wartime. I learned to exist an only 2 or 3 hours of sleep out of 24 and never ate until I knew that my crew had been fed. We spent a lot of spooky nights patrolling the Da Nang harbor and river. One night a rocket hit the ammo dump at the rivers edge near the Da Nang bridge, and it really looked as if the world was coming to an end.Another time we booked the enemy in the cove at Point Isabella near the marine fuel farm and probably saved their butts. That engagement was reported in The Stars and Stripes, the armed forces newspaper publisher in Vietnam. The worst moments came, however, not from Charley but from mother nature. A full-blown typhoon roared across the Gulf of Tonkin. To save the boats we put to sea. The angels must have been laughing. What a sight we must have made I maneuvered our boat in between two giant cargo ships riding at anchor off violent Beach and learned quickly what fear was really all about.The wind was blowing so hard that none of us could go on deck. That meant that the two of us in the pilot house were stuck on watch and the men trapped in the after cabin had to man the hand pumps. The windows in the pilot house blew out and the rain felt like knives hitting our skin. Water poured in, and I prayed that the men on the pumps would not become exhausted. I could just barely make out the two tankers. I could tell they were in more trouble than we. When we were on the crest 24 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE of the unsmooth waves we looked down onto the top of the ships.When we were in the trough we seemed to be in danger of their crashing down upon us. One of the freighters snapped a cable and steamed slowly out of the harbor. The next morning the storm calmed and we moved into the river. Debris was floating down and we had to play dodge-the-tree-trunks until we spotted a sheltered pier in front of the Press Club. We conservatively pulled the boat alongside, tied fast to the pier, then collapsed from exhaustion. After awhile we drew straws to see who would remain on watch with me. The rest went into the Press Club. After a couple of hours the crew returned and we went in.It was like nothing was going on outside. Reporters sat around drinking or eating. All around flowed conversation and laughter. We ordered a huge meal, signed Lt. Dueys name to the check, then went out to the boat. I dont know whose name the other guys signed, but none of us had any money. I dont even know if Lt. Duey ever got the bill. I do know that it was one of the best damn meals that we ever had in that country. The next two days were spent in repairing the boat, cleaning the weapons, and checking everything. Then we went to the club, got stone drunk, and slept for damn near a whole other day.Bob Barron volunteered for Cua Viet. I begged him to stay with us. Maybe we could all go up later together. He couldnt wait he had to have action. We promised each other that if one of us bought the farm the other would drink a bottle of preclude in memory, then break the bottle on the rocks. Dont ask me what that was all about. Men who think they might die at any given moment do stupid things and I was no different than most. About three weeks later we learned that Bobs boat had gone on TWO LIMA patrol on the Thack Han River one night and had never returned. No radio transmissions were ever heard.And for awhile no bodies were found. Then one by one they popped to the surface along the bank. It was a long time before we ever found the boat. When we did it was twisted up like a pretzel. I say we, because after I drank the bottle of scotch and broke it on the rocks, I forced the issue and was transferred to the Dong Ha River Support Group at Cua Viet. It was now a personal war. They had killed a part of me. Bob had been my friend. His name is on the Vietnam Memorial. My boat engaged the enemy more times than any other boat that ever patrolled that river. We kept the enemy off the river and I never lost another man.I was awarded the Naval Achievement Medal with Combat V, the Naval Commendation Medal with Combat V, and the Combat Action Ribbon. Our whole organization was awa rded the Presidential Unit Citation, the Naval William Cooper 25 Unit Citation, and each of us accumulated various other minor awards, ribbons, and medals. On a Patrol Boat One thing I didnt like about Vietnam was that it was very difficult to maintain unit cohesion and morale when you had proven and rely men leaving all the time at staggered intervals and green, unproven men arriving to take their place.I noticed that I felt like I was deserting my crew when I was rotated home. I tried to extend my tour of duty, but they had already decided to phase out our forces and turn the war over to the Vietnamese. If I had extended a month earlier, I was told, I could have stayed. My attitude at that point was a smoldering SCREW IT The whole time that I was in Vietnam and especially on the DMZI had noticed that there was a lot of UFO activity. We had individual 24-hour crypto code sheets that we used to encode messages, but because of the danger that one of them could be captured at any t ime, we used special code words for sensitive information.UFOs, I was told, were definitely sensitive information. I learned exactly how sensitive when all the people of an entire village disappeared after UFOs were seen hovering above their huts. I learned that both sides had fired upon the UFOs, and they had blasted back with a mysterious blue light. Rumors floated around that UFOs had kidnapped and mutilated two army soldiers, then dropped them in the bush. No one knew how much of this was true, but the fact that the rumors persisted made me tend to think there was at least some truth William Cooper 27 Briefing Team the followin